II. Consumption of Infected Raw Milk by Human Volunteers

Krumbiegel, Edward R.; Wisniewski, Henry J.

doi:10.1080/00039896.1970.10667193

Cited by 42 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Drinking contaminated milk has induced seroconversion in human volunteers without clinical signs [13,83], but none of them presented aggravating risk factors. However some studies have reported clinical disease linked to the ingestion of cheese [41,54], but these results are sometimes contested since it is difficult to guarantee even for prisoners that the patients did not inhale contaminated dust or aerosols.…”

Section: Zoonotic Aspectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is Q Fever an emerging or re-emerging zoonosis?

2005

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-Q fever is a zoonotic disease considered as emerging or re-emerging in many countries. It is caused by Coxiella burnetii, a bacterium developing spore-like forms that are highly resistant to the environment. The most common animal reservoirs are livestock and the main source of infection is by inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Although the culture process for Coxiella is laborious, advances on the knowledge of the life cycle of the bacterium have been made. New tools have been developed to (i) improve the diagnosis of Q fever in humans and animals, and especially animal shedders, (ii) perform epidemiological studies, and (iii) prevent the disease through the use of vaccines. This review summarizes the state of the knowledge on the bacteriology and clinical manifestations of Q fever as well as its diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment and prevention in order to understand what factors are responsible for its emergence or re-emergence. Coxiella burnetii / epidemiology / bacteriology / diagnostic / control

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Section: Zoonotic Aspectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C. burnetii is able to infect more than 40 species of ticks but their role in the transmission of the disease seems to be variable according to the country [82,89,104,150]. In France, this principally concerns wild and seldom concerns farm animals [83]. Ticks transmit the agent via a bite or feces to birds, rodents and ruminants [86].…”

Section: Zoonotic Aspectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Q Fever an emerging or re-emerging zoonosis?

2005

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“…Asymptomatic seroconversion and infection were noted in inmates fed raw milk from a Q fever infected herd (33). In another study, volunteers who drank naturally infected unpasteurized milk did not develop symptoms or an immunologic response to suggest infection (34). These authors suggest that the lack of seroconversion in their study may have been related to exposure to a different Coxiella strain than the one that caused infection in the inmate population (33,34).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…In another study, volunteers who drank naturally infected unpasteurized milk did not develop symptoms or an immunologic response to suggest infection (34). These authors suggest that the lack of seroconversion in their study may have been related to exposure to a different Coxiella strain than the one that caused infection in the inmate population (33,34). Pasteurization will effectively kill Coxiella in raw milk (35).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Goat-Associated Q Fever: A New Disease in Newfoundland

Hatchette

Hudson

Schlech

et al. 2001

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

106

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“…The previous experiments performed by Benson et al (3) revealed that a person who consumed raw milk had higher rates of Q fever antibodies than a person from the control group. On the other hand, the results obtained by Krumbiegel and Wiśniewski (22) did not indicate seroconversion or clinical illness in a group of humans who consumed infected raw milk. Opposite results were described by Beck and Bell (2) who reported that 32% of 300 Q fever cases in Los Angeles were detected in people who consumed raw milk.…”

Section: Coxiella Burnetii In Dairy Products and Human Risk Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Prevalence of Coxiella Burnetii in Dairy Herds - Diagnostic Methods and Risk to Humans - A Review

Szymańska-Czerwińska

Niemczuk

Mitura

2014

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy

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Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. The main source of infection are ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goats). C. burnetii is excreted via birth products, vaginal mucus, milk, and faeces. Raw milk is considered useful for epidemiological examinations of animals and evaluation of infection dynamics at the herd level. This article summarises data on prevalence studies on C. burnetii in bulk-tank milk in different European countries with the means of serological tests and PCR. It also summarises the results of studies to evaluate the actual risk of disease transmission to humans through consumption of raw milk. Moreover, the available diagnostic tools for detection C. burnetii infection are presented.

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II. Consumption of Infected Raw Milk by Human Volunteers

Cited by 42 publications

References 6 publications

Is Q Fever an emerging or re-emerging zoonosis?

Is Q Fever an emerging or re-emerging zoonosis?

Goat-Associated Q Fever: A New Disease in Newfoundland

Prevalence of Coxiella Burnetii in Dairy Herds - Diagnostic Methods and Risk to Humans - A Review

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