Prevalence of <i>Coxiella Burnetii</i> in Dairy Herds - Diagnostic Methods and Risk to Humans - A Review

Szymańska-Czerwińska, Monika; Niemczuk, Krzysztof; Mitura, Agata

doi:10.2478/bvip-2014-0052

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, the disease is known to be poorly reported and its surveillance is frequently neglected especially in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries including Tanzania (Czerwińska et al, 2014;Gumi et al, 2013;Porter et al, 2011). In low and middle income countries (LMICs), Q fever is neglected in the differential diagnosis of conditions with similar clinical signs such as brucellosis, leptospirosis, Rift Valley Fever, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis, listeriosis, and campylobacteriosis (Abu Dhabi Food Control Authority, 2011;Tagesu, 2019).…”

Section: Declarationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar clinical signs have been reported to be associated with reproductive disorders in dairy cattle in Tanzania (Muhairwa et al, 2005). The infected animals including natural reservoirs (cattle, sheep, and goats) shed the pathogen s through milk, urine, feces, semen, placentas, parturient fluids, and aborted fetuses (Czerwińska et al, 2014;Khamesipour et al, 2018;Vanderburg et al, 2014).…”

Section: Declarationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiologic study of q fever in smallholder dairy cattle in selected regions of Tanzania

Bwatota

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A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine prevalence and the risk factors associated with Coxiella burnetii seropositivity in smallholder dairy cattle in six regions from the southern highland and northern zones of Tanzania between July 2019 and October 2020. A total of 2049 blood samples and 1920 vaginal swabs were collected from dairy cattle. Serum was tested for antibodies against C. burnetii using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). C. burnetii DNA was identified from vaginal swabs using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses. A questionnaire survey was designed and uploaded to the Open Data Kit (ODK) cloud platformsoftware version 1.22.4. At each household, the cattle owner aging equal or over 18 years was interviewed to understand the risk factors related to animal health, husbandry, and farmer socioeconomics, as well as environmental variables. C. burnetii prevalence was calculated at different epidemiological levels and maps were created to visualize Q fever spatial distribution. Logistic generalized linear mixed effects models were built to explorethe association between ELISA binomial results, and a set of risk factors and environmental variables important for C. burnetii occurrence. An overall animal seroprevalence of 3.86% (79, 2049) 95% CI 3.06 - 4.78 was estimated across the study regions. Among these regions, Tanga (northern zone) and Iringa (southern zone) showed the highest prevalence with 8.21% (95% CI 6.0 - 10.89%) and 4.63% (95% CI: 2.49 - 7.78%) respectively. On the other hand, molecular identification of C. burnetii from vaginal swabs of selected cows revealed an overall prevalence of 0.94% (18,1920) (95% CI 0.5-1.4%). Among the northern zone regions, Arusha had the highest of 2.3%(95%CI 0.9-4.7%) and on the southern highlands zone, Iringa emanated to have the highest prevalence of 0.73% (95%CI 0.08-2.5%). Animal age, extensive feeding system, and temperature were univariably significant risk factors to C. burnetii seropositivity. The final multivariable logistic regression model showed that old animal age, extensive feeding system, and low precipitation were strongly associated with Q fever seropositivity. These findings indicate that C. burnetii circulates among smallholder dairy cattle across regions in Tanzania. However, Tanga, Arusha and Iringa are the three regions with the highest seroprevalence and should be considered for systematic and active surveillance. Furthermore, “One Health” approaches are necessary to fully understand disease transmission and control of this zoonotic disease.

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Section: Declarationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Declarationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic study of q fever in smallholder dairy cattle in selected regions of Tanzania

Bwatota

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What Is Known About Zoonotic Bacteria in Cattle and Pig Farms, and What Should Be Done to Prevent Occupational Infections

Kraemer

Oppliger

2017

Exposure to Microbiological Agents in Indoor and Occupational Environments

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Prevalence ofCoxiella burnetiiInfection in Humans Occupationally Exposed to Animals in Poland

Szymańska-Czerwińska

Galińska

Niemczuk

et al. 2015

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Coxiella burnetii is the etiological agent of Q fever, and outbreaks of Q fever have been reported in different parts of Europe both in animals and humans. Human infections are mostly associated with infections in ruminants, e.g., sheep, goats, and cows. Various professional groups are occupationally exposed to infection with C. burnetii. The aim of this study was investigate the prevalence of C. burnetii in farm workers. Serum samples were collected from 151 persons from six different regions of Poland. The serum samples were tested using three serological methods-complement fixation test (CFT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA). A total of 71 samples of blood were also tested by real-time PCR. The results showed that antibodies against C. burnetii were present in the tested sera. Average percentages of seropositive samples in IFA, ELISA, and CFT were 31.12%, 39.07%, and 15.23%, respectively. Positive results were noted in each testing center. Of the three test types, IFA results were considered the most sensitive. Real-time PCR confirmed the presence of DNA specific for C. burnetii in 10 patients. The farming workforce constitutes an occupational risk group with an increased risk for C. burnetii infection, presumably because of their contact with infected livestock.

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Prevalence of Coxiella Burnetii in Dairy Herds - Diagnostic Methods and Risk to Humans - A Review

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Epidemiologic study of q fever in smallholder dairy cattle in selected regions of Tanzania

Epidemiologic study of q fever in smallholder dairy cattle in selected regions of Tanzania

What Is Known About Zoonotic Bacteria in Cattle and Pig Farms, and What Should Be Done to Prevent Occupational Infections

Prevalence ofCoxiella burnetiiInfection in Humans Occupationally Exposed to Animals in Poland

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