IgM, IgG, and IgA Response to Enterobacteria in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis in Southern India

Madhavan, Radha; Porkodi, R; Rajendran, C. P.; Chandrasekaran, A. N.; Umadevi, K. R.; Raja, Alamelu

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb03014.x

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Furthermore, the associated expression of the co-stimulatory molecule CD86 with T-bet on CD27 - CD38 low CD21 low B-cells in axSpA patients indicates that these B-cells are activated cells, which are prone to differentiate into antibody secreting cells (ASC) ( 32 , 34 , 38 ). In line with this notion, we observed a higher frequency of plasmablasts in the peripheral blood of axSpA patients, possibly related to increased levels of immunoglobulins, in particular IgA, in the serum of these patients ( 39 – 41 ). Interestingly, a single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene encoding for T-bet ( TBX21 ) is associated with AS ( 42 ), illustrating a role for T-bet in the disease, not only in T-cells and NK-cells, but possibly also in B-cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

CD27-CD38lowCD21low B-Cells Are Increased in Axial Spondyloarthritis

et al. 2021

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B-cells have received little attention in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and for this reason their role in pathogenesis remains unclear. However, there are indications that B-cells may be involved in the disease process. Our objective was to obtain insights into the composition of the peripheral B-cell compartment of axSpA patients compared to healthy donors (HD) and patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), a typical B-cell-associated autoimmune disease. Special emphasis was given to CD27-negative B-cells expressing low levels of CD21 (CD21low B-cells), since this subset is implicated in autoimmune diseases with strong involvement of B-cells. Transitional B-cells (CD38hi) were excluded from the analysis of the CD27-CD21low B-cell compartment. This study included 45 axSpA patients, 20 pSS patients and 30 HDs. Intriguingly, compared to HDs the frequency of CD27-CD38lowCD21low B-cells was significantly elevated in both axSpA and pSS patients (P<0.0001 for both comparisons). The frequency of CD27-CD38lowCD21low B-cells expressing the activation-induced immune markers T-bet and CD11c was decreased in axSpA patients compared to HDs. A higher proportion of CD27-CD38lowCD21low B-cells expressed the chemokine receptor CXCR3 in axSpA compared to HDs, suggestive for active involvement of these cells in an inflammatory process. The frequency of CD27-CD38lowCD21low B-cells in axSpA patients correlated positively with age and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Furthermore, axSpA patients with extra-skeletal manifestations (ESM) showed increased frequencies of CD27-CD38lowCD21low B-cells compared to patients without ESM. In conclusion, our findings are suggestive of active B-cell involvement in the pathogenesis of axSpA, against prevailing dogma.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

CD27-CD38lowCD21low B-Cells Are Increased in Axial Spondyloarthritis

et al. 2021

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“…As intestinal dysbiosis has been increasingly linked to IBD in recent years (8–10), it is reasonable to speculate a close link between gut microbiota and AS development (3, 11). Previous studies have shown that AS patients and a transgenic rat model of AS had increased immunoglobulin G (IgG) or proinflammatory cytokines in response to bacterial products such as outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (12, 13). A study of 10 patients by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing analysis has shown dysbiosis in terminal ileum biopsy specimens of AS patients (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Bacterial-Fungal Interkingdom Networks in the Guts of Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients

Dai

Tang

et al. 2019

mSystems

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Intestinal bacterial dysbiosis has been increasingly linked to ankylosing spondylitis (AS), which is a prototypic and best studied subtype of spondyloarthritis (SpA). Fungi and bacteria coexist in the human gut and interact with each other. Although they have been shown to contribute actively to health or disease, no studies have investigated whether the fungal microbiota in AS patients is perturbed. In this study, fecal samples from 22 AS patients, with clinical and radiographic assessments, and 16 healthy controls (HCs) were collected to systematically characterize the gut microbiota and mycobiota in AS patients by 16S rRNA gene- and ITS2-based DNA sequencing. Our results showed that the microbiota of AS patients was characterized by increased abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased Bacteroidetes, which was contributed by enrichment of Escherichia-Shigella, Veillonella, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, and reduction of Prevotella strain 9, Megamona, and Fusobacterium. The gut mycobiota of AS patients was characterized by higher levels of Ascomycota, especially the class of Dothideomycetes, and decreased abundance of Basidiomycota, which was mainly contributed by the decease of Agaricales. Compared to HCs, decreased ITS2/16S biodiversity ratios and altered bacterial-fungal interkingdom networks were observed in AS patients. Compared with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), treating AS patients with biological agents induced obvious changes in the gut mycobiota, and this result was highly associated with disease activity indexes, including AS disease activity index (ASDAS) C-reactive protein (asCRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and Bath AS disease activity index (BASDAI). In addition, altered mycobiota in AS patients was also found associated with the degree of radiographic damage. IMPORTANCE The human gut is colonized by diverse fungi (mycobiota), and fungi have long been suspected in the pathogenesis of SpA. Our study unraveled a disease-specific interkingdom network alteration in AS, suggesting that fungi, or the interkingdom interactions between bacteria and fungi, may play an essential role in AS development. However, our study is limited by sample size, and in-depth mechanism studies and additional large-scale investigations characterizing the gut mycobiome in AS patients are needed to form a foundation for research into the relationship between mycobiota dysbiosis and AS development.

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“…This view is also supported by the detection of elevated antibody titres towards Klebsiella antigens and also to Escherichia coli ( E coli ) and Salmonella typhi antigens in patients with AS 4 5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%