IFCC Reference System for Measurement of Hemoglobin A1c in Human Blood and the National Standardization Schemes in the United States, Japan, and Sweden: A Method-Comparison Study

Hoelzel, Wieland; Weykamp, Cas; Jeppsson, Jan‐Olof; Miedema, Kor; Barr, John R.; Goodall, Ian; Hoshino, Takao; John, W. Garry; Kobold, Uwe; Little, Randie R.; Mosca, Andrea; Mauri, Pierluigi; Paroni, Rita; Susanto, F.; Takei, Izumu; Thienpont, Linda M.; Umemoto, Masao; Wiedmeyer, Hsiao-Mei

doi:10.1373/clinchem.2003.024802

Cited by 596 publications

(419 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Although HbA 1c is a valuable test in monitoring treatment of diabetes, it has not been advocated for diagnostic purposes due to lack of uniform standardisation. However, these limitations have now been addressed and programs for standardisation of HbA 1c assays have been established [12]. The results of the Swedish Mono S method can be converted to the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) standard by the following equation: 0:923 Â HbA 1c MonoS ð Þþ1:345 ¼ HbA 1c NGSP ð Þ.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of postpartum diabetes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

et al. 2009

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Aims/hypothesis We studied the incidence of postpartum diabetes after gestational diabetes mellitus and investigated biochemical and clinical predictors of postpartum diabetes. Methods We monitored 174 women with gestational diabetes by performing oral glucose tolerance tests during pregnancy as well as 1, 2 and 5 years postpartum. Women who developed impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes were compared with women who remained normoglycaemic at 5 years. Insulinogenic index, disposition index and HOMA-beta cell index were used to assess beta cell function; insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA index of insulin resistance. Results At 5 years postpartum, 30% of the women had developed diabetes and 51% some form of abnormal glucose tolerance. Women who developed diabetes had higher fasting glucose and HbA 1c during pregnancy than those who remained normoglycaemic. They also had lower HOMAbeta cell index, insulinogenic index and disposition index than the normoglycaemic women. HbA 1c and fasting glucose during pregnancy as well as the number of previous pregnancies and family history of diabetes were independent predictors of postpartum diabetes. HbA 1c ≥4.7% (Swedish Mono S) or ≥5.7% (National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program) and fasting blood glucose ≥5.2 mmol/l were associated with a four-to sixfold increased risk.Conclusions/interpretation Among women with gestational diabetes mellitus, those at risk of future diabetes can be identified by HbA 1c and fasting glucose values in the upper normal range during pregnancy. A family history of diabetes and previous pregnancies further increase this risk.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of postpartum diabetes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

et al. 2009

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“…Samples were analysed at the University Hospital using high‐performance liquid chromatography assays (DCA Vantage, DCA 2000 and DCA 2000 + ; Siemens/Bayer, Camberley, UK), standardized and calibrated against the International Federation of Clinical Chemists standards 12.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐reported diabetes self‐management competence and support from healthcare providers in achieving autonomy are negatively associated with diabetes distress in adults with Type 1 diabetes

et al. 2015

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AimTo investigate the associations of self‐perceived competence in diabetes management and autonomy support from healthcare providers with diabetes distress in adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus that is not optimally controlled [HbA1c ≥ 64 mmol/mol (8.0%)].MethodsThis cross‐sectional study comprised blood sampling and three self‐report questionnaires, the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale, the Perceived Competence in Diabetes Scale and a measure of autonomy support by healthcare providers, the Health Care Climate Questionnaire. We fitted blockwise linear regression models to assess the associations between Problem Areas in Diabetes score and the variables of interest (autonomy support and perceived diabetes competence), controlling for clinical and sociodemographic variables.ResultsOf the study sample [n = 178; mean age 36.7 (±10.7) years], 31.5% had long‐term complications and 43.2% reported elevated (≥40) Problem Areas in Diabetes scores. A significant negative association was found between autonomy support and Problem Areas in Diabetes score (B = ‐3.61, P = 0.001), indicating that lower autonomy support was associated with greater diabetes distress. When perceived competence was controlled, it mediated the association of autonomy support with diabetes distress, reducing it to non‐significance. There was a significant negative association between perceived competence and Problem Areas in Diabetes score (B = ‐8.89, P < 0.001), indicating that lower perceived competence was associated with greater perceived distress.ConclusionsThere was an indirect (fully mediated) relationship between autonomy support and diabetes distress; autonomy support was associated with increased perceived competence, which, in turn, was associated with reduced distress. Healthcare providers' communication styles enhancing perceived competence through autonomy support may contribute to effective treatment for people with Type 1 diabetes and suboptimum glycaemic control.

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“…Diabetes clinics and primary-care centres both use methods regularly calibrated with the HPLC Mono-S method. In this study, all HbA 1c values were converted to the DCCT standard levels using the formula: HbA 1c (DCCT)=(0.923× HbA 1c [Mono-S]) + 1.345; R 2 =0.998 [21]. Microalbuminuria was defined as cumulative urine albumin excretion above 20 μg/min in two out of three consecutive tests.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes: an observational study in 13,087 patients

et al. 2008

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study of type 2 diabetic patients in the Swedish National Diabetes Register was to study the associations of BMI, overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m 2 ) and obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m 2 ) with cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes, as these associations have not previously been clarified. Methods Patients aged 30-74 years with no previous CHD or stroke (N=13,087) were followed for a mean of 5.6 years until 2003 for fatal or non-fatal CHD, stroke, cardiovascular disease (CHD or stroke) and total mortality. In total, 1,922 cardiovascular-disease events occurred, based on 64,864 person-years.Results The relative risks of CHD, stroke, cardiovascular disease and total mortality for a 5 unit increase in BMI at baseline were 15%, 11%, 13% and 27%, respectively, using Cox regression analysis, after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes duration, hypoglycaemic treatment and smoking (model 1), and were 9%, 4% (not significant), 7% and 20%, respectively, when adjusting also for HbA 1c , blood pressure, antihypertensive drugs, lipid-reducing drugs and microalbuminuria (model 2). Adjusted hazard ratios (model 1) for CHD, cardiovascular disease and total mortality with overweight were 1.27 (95% CI 1.09-1.48), 1.24 (1.09-1.41) and 1.16 (0.94-1.45), respectively, and 1.49 (1.27-1.76), 1.44 (1.26-1.64) and 1.71 (1.36-2.14) with obesity, as compared with normal weight. Significant hazard ratios were attenuated when adjusted according to model 2. For a 1 unit increase in BMI during follow-up, the relative risk of CHD (model 2) was 1.13 (1.04-1.23; p=0.005). Conclusions/interpretation Both overweight and obesity independently increased the risk of CHD and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. The CHD risk was higher with increasing BMI than with stable or decreasing BMI during the study.

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IFCC Reference System for Measurement of Hemoglobin A1c in Human Blood and the National Standardization Schemes in the United States, Japan, and Sweden: A Method-Comparison Study

Cited by 596 publications

References 23 publications

Prediction of postpartum diabetes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Prediction of postpartum diabetes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Self‐reported diabetes self‐management competence and support from healthcare providers in achieving autonomy are negatively associated with diabetes distress in adults with Type 1 diabetes

Risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes: an observational study in 13,087 patients

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