Idiopathic Multiple Hemorrhagic Sarcoma (Kaposi)

The Development of Fluorescence Microscopy for Tubercle Bacilli and its Use as an Adjunct to Histological Routine

“…Opinions differ concerning fluorite and apochromatic lenses. Graham (1943) and Matthaei (1950) find them unsatisfactory, but Metcalf and Patton (1944) obtained good results, as did Hagemann in his original work. The use of an immersion objective has been mentioned (Kolmer, Spaulding, and Robinson, 1951), but in general there is no need for any power higher than 4 mm.…”

“…Some authors using aqueous auramine have recommended frequent renewal of the stain; Graham (1942) and Hughes (1943) suggest fortnightly renewal, and Lind (1949) even specifies daily preparation, but I have found that the stain given above has been stable over a period of months, even without protection from the light. This is attributed to the high concentration of the dyes, and to the syrupy consistency of the glycerol.…”

“…With this simplified equipment the technique was more widely adopted. Graham (1942) recommended a 500 w. projection lamp, though others preferred the mercury vapour lamp (Kloeck and Sweany, 1943;Stevens, 1945). Of the latter type, however, the 125 w. commercial " black lamp" did not give full field illumination with low-power objectives (Lempert, 1944;Norman and Jelks, 1945).…”

“…Of the latter type, however, the 125 w. commercial " black lamp" did not give full field illumination with low-power objectives (Lempert, 1944;Norman and Jelks, 1945). Spectrographic investigations by Graham (1943) and Hughes (1943) showed that the effective wavelengths for the fluorescence of auramine extend well above the ultra-violet, and that the mercury vapour lamp is not an essential.…”

“…Hughes (1946) used a combination of auramine 0, rhodamine B, and acridine yellow, which showed bright golden yellow organisms on a green background. Graham (1943) referred to rhodamine, but did not adopt it in practice. Hughes emphasized that acridine yellow was unreliable, and so the logical step of omitting it was taken by Matthaei (1950), who also increased the concentration of auramine and rhodamine.…”