The Development of Fluorescence Microscopy for Tubercle Bacilli and its Use as an Adjunct to Histological Routine

McClure, D. M.

doi:10.1136/jcp.6.4.273

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…1 ' 4 Several investigators have shown that old sclerotic granulomas are uniformly negative for mycobacteria by the acid-fast staining method. [4][5][6] We have confirmed this finding by using the AR stain and culture.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Histologic Parameters Predictive of Mycobacterial Infection

et al. 1998

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Tissue specimens from a wide variety of anatomic locations are frequently examined for mycobacteria using a combination of cultures and special stains. Auramine-rhodamine (AR) staining is a sensitive method for detecting acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in tissue sections. We reviewed 85 AR-positive and 275 randomly selected AR-negative biopsy specimens collected during the past 2 years at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Pathologic diagnoses and culture results were also reviewed. The increasing number of immunocompromised patients infected with mycobacteria and the resurgence of mycobacterial tuberculosis has created the need for rapid and cost-effective methods of diagnosis. Although molecular techniques may be useful for detecting mycobacteria, direct examination and culture still have a critical role in diagnosing mycobacterial diseases. The fluorochrome stain, auramine-rhodamine (AR), is useful for detecting acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in clinical specimens and tissue sections. In some instances, pressure from clinical colleagues or prospective ordering may result in AR staining of specimens with histologic changes inconsistent with mycobacterial infection.Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation is the most common histological abnormality in patients with mycobacterial infections.1 -2 Other less common tissue reactions include nonnecrotizing granulomas, poorly formed granulomas, and even nongranulomatous acute inflammation.1 ' 3 We reviewed surgical pathology cases that were submitted for AR staining to evaluate which histologic parameters correlated best with AR and culture positivity in our practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Case SelectionWork cards for surgical pathology specimens submitted for AFB staining by the AR method between September 1, 1994, and August 31, 1996, were reviewed. All cases in which the AR stain was positive were included. To more accurately compare the presence of AFB in the various histologic categories, approximately four negative cases for each positive case from the same period were randomly selected and reviewed. Available culture results were also reviewed. AFB SemiquantitationThe AR staining results from entire tissue sections were reported semiquantitatively as follows: negative, 331

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Histologic Parameters Predictive of Mycobacterial Infection

et al. 1998

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“…There is convincing evidence of increased effectiveness of using FS to demonstrate AFB as compared to the ZN method (McClure, 1953;Braunstein & Adriano, 1961;Bailey et al, 1985). In our study FS gave higher positivity (74 %) especially in paucibacillary cases, hence it is the most sensitive of the conventional methods but certainly a less specific technique as the number of false positivity is quite high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of possible tuberculous lymphadenopathy by PCR compared to non-molecular methods

Pahwa

Hedau

Jain

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in India and other developing countries and has formed a lethal partnership with AIDS. It often presents a diagnostic challenge especially when clinical presentation is suggestive but bacteriological proof is lacking. The objective of this study was to compare the various diagnostic techniques in clinically suspected cases of tubercular lymph nodes and to find a suitable, cost-effective but sensitive and specific method for diagnosis. A total of 100 cases were recruited for the study. Fine needle aspiration cytology was done in all cases and the smears prepared were processed for Giemsa, Ziehl-Neelsen's, Kinyoun and Papanicolaou stains. Parts of the aspirated materials were assessed by fluorescent staining, culture and PCR. Seventyfour percent of aspirates were positive by fluorescent stain while only 22 % were positive by culture. PCR could be performed in 55 cases, out of which 22 (40 %) were positive. When compared to culture, the sensitivity and specificity of PCR were found to be 89 . 5 % and 86 . 1 %, respectively. Fluorescent stain was found to be the most sensitive (81 . 8 %) of the conventional methods but showed poor specificity (28 . 2 %). Interestingly, PCR detected 80 % of smear-negative but culturepositive cases.

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“…In 1938, Hagemann developed the first fluorescence staining using auramine as the fluorescent dye. This was later improved into auramine-rhodamine staining in 1962, examined under fluorescent microscopy (FM) using expensive halogen lamps and high compressed mercury lamps which is one of the drawbacks regardless being more sensitive [22]. Later, to make it affordable, this has been further improved with a replacement of a low cost Light Emitting Diode (LED).…”

Section: Microscopy-based Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis Diagnosis in the Era of SARS-CoV-2

Bandara

Magana-Arachchi

2022

SAJRM

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Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a global public health emergency responsible for approximately 1.3 million deaths annually. Enduring the existing TB challenges, the emergence of “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2), a similar respiratory infection threatened the success of TB control over the past few years. Contemplating the irreversible damage of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), one of the leading immune-suppressive conditions, a similar or worst expected with this synergism: TB-HIV-SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, an integrated approach is much demanded before the impending revolution, "Next Global Pandemic". The advancement of molecular diagnostic techniques, blood transcriptomics uncovered the importance of studying the cross-talk between host and pathogens. RNA-sequencing is a high-throughput sequencing technique allowing detailed characterization of gene expression profiles. With the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on host immunity, pathogen-derived biomarker identification is more disease-specific and constrains individual variations faced during host biomarker identification. However, several technical hurdles are encountered during the study of intracellular pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The development of advanced RNA-sequencing techniques to tackle the issues targeting the host and pathogen interactions is in their infancy and restricted to in-vitro studies. Few studies on serum exosomal RNA-sequencing of active and latent TB patients enlightened the path of TB biomarker discovery urging the necessity of more studies. Thus, this review will explicitly discuss the existing TB diagnostic tools to understand where we stand in TB diagnosis and the recent advancements in blood transcriptomics emphasizing the importance of targeting the pathogen-derived biomarkers as a potential source for future diagnostics.

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The Development of Fluorescence Microscopy for Tubercle Bacilli and its Use as an Adjunct to Histological Routine

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Histologic Parameters Predictive of Mycobacterial Infection

Histologic Parameters Predictive of Mycobacterial Infection

Assessment of possible tuberculous lymphadenopathy by PCR compared to non-molecular methods

Tuberculosis Diagnosis in the Era of SARS-CoV-2

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