Idiopathic generalized tonic‐clonic epilepsy and photosensitivity: a long‐term follow‐up study

Electroclinical characteristics and syndromic associations of “eye-condition” related visual sensitive epilepsies—A cross-sectional study

“…2a&b wherein the familial probands with idiopathic epilepsy demonstrated response to valproic acid, with a propensity for exacerbation on sodium channel-blockers such as oxcarbazepine as has been documented previously [39]. On the other hand it has been shown in a large prospective study on PS in an IGE cohort that there was poor correlation between demonstration of photoparoxysmal response before the beginning of therapy and the subsequent clinical and EEG evolution of the seizure type, thereby suggesting that syndromic diagnosis is paramount rather than the mere demonstration of ECS parameters [40]. While it is evident that ECS portends reflex epileptogenicity, it is uncertain whether persistence of these parameters or duration of ECLS/ECLDS on followup impacts seizure outcome, however this concern also exists with PS [40].…”

“…On the other hand it has been shown in a large prospective study on PS in an IGE cohort that there was poor correlation between demonstration of photoparoxysmal response before the beginning of therapy and the subsequent clinical and EEG evolution of the seizure type, thereby suggesting that syndromic diagnosis is paramount rather than the mere demonstration of ECS parameters [40]. While it is evident that ECS portends reflex epileptogenicity, it is uncertain whether persistence of these parameters or duration of ECLS/ECLDS on followup impacts seizure outcome, however this concern also exists with PS [40]. As visual sensitive epilepsies imply PS (or specific visual triggered sensitivity like video game epilepsy) in the literature, we propose the use of terminology of "eye-condition visual sensitive epilepsy".…”

Optical coherence tomography parameters in patients with photosensitive juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

“…Seizures have an age-related onset and are characterized by the triad of myoclonic jerks on awakening, generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTC) and typical absence seizures. Photosensitivity or photoparoxysmal response (PPR) is defined as the presence of an abnormal response to intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) during an EEG [2] and [3]. Different patterns of PPR were determined as ranging from a localized form of occipital spikes (Grade 1) to the generalized spikes-and-waves or polyspike waves (Grade 4) [4][5][6] ( Table 1).…”

The Correlation of Interictal Epileptiform Discharges in Non-Rem Sleep and During Functional Tests in Periods Before Falling Asleep and After Awakening in Adults With Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy With a Variable Phenotype

“…Согласно литературным данным, регистрация ИЭА при фотостимуляции является негативным фактором при ЮМЭ [19]. Напротив, в исследовании [20] показано, что прогноз ГТКП при назначении ПЭП не связан с фотосенситивностью.…”