Identity Paradiplomacy in Québec

Paquin, Stéphane

doi:10.3828/qs.2018.14

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…For instance, Mukti (2019) examines Aceh's paradiplomacy, and Mukti and others (2019) examine the comparative context of Aceh‐Catalonia paradiplomacy. On the other hand, Quebec's paradiplomacy is widely studied in the context of the Quebec‐Wallonia comparative study (Vychodilová, 2011), the paradiplomacy identity of Quebec for the purpose of national independence (Paquin, 2018), why and when substate actors (one of them is Quebec) develop paradiplomacy (Kooistra, 2017), and several considerations that pushed Quebec into the international community (Kirkey et al, 2016). Comparative studies on paradiplomacy are still limited and open to wider development, especially regarding the implementation of paradiplomacy in Aceh and Quebec.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Quebec is part of the Canadian delegation in many international negotiations. The most evident example is its participation in free trade negotiations between Canada and the European Union (Paquin, 2018).…”

Section: Paradiplomacy Institutionalization In Aceh and Quebecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protodiplomacy is paradiplomacy carried out to promote political identity, gain international recognition from other actors to become a sovereign state, and forward a separatist agenda within a country (Mathieu, 2020;Paquin, 2018). In his research, Mathieu (2020) showed that paradiplomacy and protodiplomacy are techniques that can simultaneously advance Canada and the provinces bilaterally and regionally.…”

Section: T Er At U R E R Ev I Ewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence of this flexibility in establishing regional foreign relations, based on data from the Ministère des Relations internationales et de la Francophonie du Québec [Quebec Ministry of international relations and the Francophonie], from 1965 to 2017, Quebec has signed 759 international agreements with sovereign states in nearly 80 states. Most of them involve sovereign states such as France or the United States (Paquin, 2018). In addition, Quebec has signed various forms of nonbinding agreements including declarations of intent, joint statements, joint press releases, and discussion reports of up to 165 agreements (Vychodilová, 2011).…”

Section: Pa R a DI Plom Ac Y I Nst I T U T Iona L I Zat Ion I N Ac Eh...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paradiplomacy practices in Indonesia: Comparative analysis ofAceh‐Quebec

et al. 2022

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This article aims to understand paradiplomacy practices in Indonesia by identifying the characteristics of Aceh's paradiplomacy and reviewing it comparatively with the paradiplomacy of Quebec, Canada. The data was collected by documentation study, interview, and literature search. The practice of paradiplomacy in Indonesia is framed in a unitary state system in which the central government still dominates regional foreign activities and the regional awareness for the need of foreign relations is still minimal. This is different from the Province of Quebec in Canada wherein Quebec is one of the most active provinces to take part abroad for the fulfillment of their regional interests. We conclude that the characteristics of paradiplomacy are determined by the institutionalization of paradiplomacy in the regions and the pattern of relations between the central and regional government which usually refers to the form of the state whether unitary or federalist.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Paradiplomacy Institutionalization In Aceh and Quebecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: T Er At U R E R Ev I Ewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pa R a DI Plom Ac Y I Nst I T U T Iona L I Zat Ion I N Ac Eh...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paradiplomacy practices in Indonesia: Comparative analysis ofAceh‐Quebec

et al. 2022

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“…The main reason why sub-state actors would engage in political paradiplomacy is to build, campaign for, and strengthen the presence of their own minority national identity (even to the point of contradicting the origin state's own interest) (Lecours, 2008). This is done by means of using international actions abroad (Paquin, 2018) or, in the case of Catalonia, it is to gain greater support and recognition for their identity cause against Spain.…”

Section: Analytical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalan Identity and Paradiplomacy Strategy in Catalonia’s Independence Movement

Hubert¹,

Dermawan

Akim

2021

JPI

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This article seeks to analyse how Catalan identity, within the context of its conflict with the Spanish government, contributes to its foreign relations with the global public through paradiplomacy. This article uses qualitative research method with literature study. It finds that Catalonia, as one of Spain’s autonomous regions, have a distinct history, language, and culture from other Spanish regions. To protect their identity, there have been an emergence of movement for greater Catalan autonomy, even independence. This conflict reached climax on 1 October 2017 when the Catalan government initiated an independence referendum amongst Catalan people, with the majority voted for independence from Spain. Since then, the Catalan independence movement has faced many changes until now, with one of the moves done by Catalonia to seek support from global public through their paradiplomacy. As such, it is worth noting how paradiplomacy done by the Catalan government was an effort to protect the existence of their identity, which increases the complication and dynamics of Catalan and Spanish governments’ internal conflict. Findings from this study may show important implications for the resolution of similar internal conflicts, especially those involving identity and paradiplomacy.

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The domestic sources of sub-state foreign policymaking: determinants of subnational development cooperation across European regions

Reinsberg

Dellepiane

2022

Journal of European Public Policy

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Identity Paradiplomacy in Québec

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Paradiplomacy practices in Indonesia: Comparative analysis ofAceh‐Quebec

Paradiplomacy practices in Indonesia: Comparative analysis ofAceh‐Quebec

Catalan Identity and Paradiplomacy Strategy in Catalonia’s Independence Movement

The domestic sources of sub-state foreign policymaking: determinants of subnational development cooperation across European regions

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