We examined the role of desired, feared, and expected possible future identity structures in the restructuring of identity after two life transitions. A longitudinal study was conducted on 86 young adults during the transition from school to university and 143 adults during the transition to parenthood. In both samples, pre-transition desires and expectations about the restructuring of identity predicted post-transition actual identity structures. Post-transition emotional wellbeing was higher among those whose post-transition identity structures more closely matched their initial desires and less closely matched their initial fears, and among those who reported a greater magnitude of identity change. We propose that possible future identity structures play an important role in the identity accommodation process during life-transitions, and that they have significant implications for well-being. Copyright # 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Identity changes during the life span are fundamental aspects of human development and aging (Cross & Markus, 1991). Existing studies suggest that long-term self-concept change takes place especially in response to major changes in role and situational demands (Banaji & Prentice, 1994). Such changes are often associated with periods of life-transition (Kerpelman & Lamke, 1997). These crucial periods are instigated by a variety of factors, which may be related to family life (e.g., marriage, childbirth, bereavement) or to educational and socio-economic activities (e.g., finishing school, retirement, starting a new job). During a transition period, a person has to reorganize his/her social roles, and to cope with temporal and structural changes in daily life, which will often be associated with changes in identity structure (Cigoli & Scabini, 2006).In this paper, we describe a longitudinal study of identity change over two different life-transitions: The transition to parenthood and the transition from school to university. Our particular focus was on the role of possible selves in guiding the processes of identity change. Possible selves (Markus & Nurius, 1986) are the component of identity that reflects the perceived prospects of the individual. They include those selves that individuals expect to become (expected selves), would like to become (desired selves) or are afraid of becoming (feared selves). Like the actual self, they consist of organized self-views derived in part from representations of the self in the past and in part from perceived expectations from others (Stryker & Serpe, 1994), but they are conceptualized in the future. Because of this future context, possible selves represent the potential for change in the self-concept.Previous research into possible selves and long-term change has typically focused on change in particular, single identity elements, such as acquiring or losing a new social role (e.g., Dunkel, Kelts, & Coon, 2006;King & Raspin, 2004). Thus, studies have examined the assimilation of new elements into identity, without considering the restru...