Identifying Pondweed Seeds Eaten by Ducks

Martin, Alexander C.

doi:10.2307/3797217

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Plant parts were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible based on comparisons to materials from the R.G. Baker Modern Seed Collection (University of Iowa), the Modern Plant Reference Collection (USGS, Denver), and printed reference materials (Martin, 1944(Martin, , 1951Montgomery, 1977;Hoadley, 1990;Martin and Barkley, 2000;USDA, 2008). Specimens were counted and quantified using a relative abundance scheme similar to those used in packrat midden analyses (Van Devender, 1973).…”

Section: Macrofossil Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Last interglacial plant macrofossils and climates from Ziegler Reservoir, Snowmass Village, Colorado, USA

et al. 2014

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Ninety plant macrofossil taxa from the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site near Snowmass Village, Colorado, record environmental changes at high elevation (2705 m asl) in the Rocky Mountains during the Last Interglacial Period. Present-day vegetation is aspen forest (Populus tremuloides) intermixed with species of higher (Picea, Abies) and lower (Artemisia, Quercus) elevations. Stratigraphic units 4–13 contain montane forest taxa found near the site today and several species that today generally live at lower elevations within (Abies concolor, Lycopus americanus) and outside Colorado (Najas flexilis). These data suggest near-modern climatic conditions, with slightly warmer summer and winter temperatures. This montane forest period was succeeded by a shorter treeless interval (Unit 14) representing colder and/or drier conditions. In units 15–16, conifer trees reoccur but deciduous and herb taxa are lacking, suggesting a return to warmer conditions, although cooler than during the earlier forest period. Comparison of these inferred paleoclimatic changes with the site's geochronologic framework indicates that the lower interval of sustained warmth correlates with late MIS 6–early 5b (~138–94 ka), the cold interval with MIS 5b (~94–87 ka), and the uppermost cool assemblages with MIS 5a (~87–77 ka).

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Section: Macrofossil Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Last interglacial plant macrofossils and climates from Ziegler Reservoir, Snowmass Village, Colorado, USA

et al. 2014

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“…Potentially identifiable macrofossils were removed and stored in 25% ethanol. Macrofossil determinations were made utilizing standard references (e.g., Berggren, 1969;Delcourt et a/., 1979;Jessen, 1955;Martin, 1951Martin, , 1954Martin and Barkley, 1961;Montgomery, 1977;Parker and Mac-Lachlan, 1978) and by comparison with documented reference specimens. For plant remains that could not be assigned with certainty to an extant species the designations '&sp.," "cf.," and "type" have been employed (usage follows Watts and Winter, 1966).…”

Section: Preparation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late-Glacial Vegetation Associated with Caribou and Mastodon in Central Indiana

et al. 1982

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The Christensen Mastodon Site, located in central Indiana, contains a rich assemblage of vertebrates (including mastodon, caribou, and giant beaver), invertebrates, and plant macrofossilsin situin lake and bog sediments of late-glacial age. Studies of pollen and plant macrofossils suggest the existence of open, white spruce-dominated boreal forests from > 14,000 yr B.P. to ca. 13,000 yr B.P. The regional decline of spruce, local occurrence of black spruce, white spruce, and larch, immigration of many hardwood taxa (e.g., ash, oak, elm), and the initiation of bog development are recorded beginning about 13,000 yr B.P. Recent reconstructions of late-glacial and early postglacial vegetational changes provide a context for understanding the disappearance of mastodons. The dramatic and rapid restriction of boreal forests along the retreating ice margin from 11,000 to 9000 yr B.P. may have caused a substantial reduction of mastodon populations. A diminished population would be more susceptible to small-scale, stochastic events such as short-term extremes of weather, outbreaks of disease, or predation pressure from paleoindian hunters.

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“…We then removed food items within only the esophagus and proventriculus of each bird, which reduced biases resulting from inclusion of gizzard contents in food habits data Bartonek 1970, Swanson et al 1974). We then sorted entire diet samples from each bird and identified samples to either genus or species level (Martin 1954, Hotchkiss 1972, Newmaster et al 1997; we grouped unidentified items as follows: leaves, stems, tubers, seeds, or decaying-digested matter. We then dried sorted diet samples at 608 C to a constant mass (60.0001 g).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet of Mute Swans in Lower Great Lakes Coastal Marshes

2008

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During the past 30 years, nonnative mute swan (Cygnus olor) populations have greatly increased, and continue to increase, in the eastern United States and within the lower Great Lakes (LGL) region. As a result, there is much concern regarding impacts of mute swan on native waterfowl, aquatic plants, and marsh habitats. There are presently only limited dietary data for mute swans in North America and none exist for birds in the LGL region. Thus, in 2001, 2002, and 2004 we collected 132 mute swans from LGL coastal marshes in Ontario, Canada, to determine dietary composition and to evaluate 1) seasonal and sex‐related variation in adult diets and 2) age‐related dietary differences. Adult diets did not differ among years, collection sites, or seasons, but female diets contained more pondweed spp. (Potamogeton spp.) and less slender naiad (Najas flexilis) and common waterweed (Elodea canadensis) than did diets of males. Adult males, adult females, and cygnets had similar diets during summer and autumn. Overall, mute swan diets mainly consisted of above‐ground biomass of pondweed spp., muskgrass (Chara vulgaris), coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum), slender naiad, common waterweed, wild celery (Vallisneria americana), and wild rice (Zizania palustris); below‐ground parts of wild celery, sago pondweed (Stuckenia pectinatus), and arrowhead spp. (Sagittaria spp.) were eaten infrequently. Comparison of our findings with those of other diet studies suggested considerable dietary overlap between mute swans and several other species of native waterfowl. Thus, we suggest that mute swans have potential to compete with native waterfowl and impact aquatic plants that are important waterfowl foods within LGL coastal marshes. Further, our results can be used to assess which aquatic plant species may be most impacted by foraging activities of mute swans at other important waterfowl stopover and wintering sites in North America. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 72(3):726–732; 2008)

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Identifying Pondweed Seeds Eaten by Ducks

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Last interglacial plant macrofossils and climates from Ziegler Reservoir, Snowmass Village, Colorado, USA

Last interglacial plant macrofossils and climates from Ziegler Reservoir, Snowmass Village, Colorado, USA

Late-Glacial Vegetation Associated with Caribou and Mastodon in Central Indiana

Diet of Mute Swans in Lower Great Lakes Coastal Marshes

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