Identifying NDT methods for damage detection in concrete elements reinforced or strengthened with FRP

Dolati, Seyed Saman Khedmatgozar; Malla, Pranit; Ortiz, Jesus D.; Mehrabi, Armin; Nanni, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.116155

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…A previous study by the authors reviewed the applicability of available non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for detecting damage in structural elements reinforced or strengthened with FRP [89]. An extensive literature survey was conducted, encompassing over 100 past studies on the application of NDT methods in detecting damage in FRP for external applications.…”

Section: Ndt Methods Applicable To Eb-frp Concrete Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most promising methods were selected and are summarized in Table 5, along with the percentage of applicability in the available literature for detecting each of the seven groups of damage. Khedmatgozar Dolati et al (2023) [89] can be consulted for a deeper explanation on each NDT method. The following is a brief description of the most used NDT methods found in the available literature.…”

Section: Ndt Methods Applicable To Eb-frp Concrete Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results from their literature review indicated that IR, GPR, and UT can be considered the most applicable methods for detecting bond defects [89]. For damage detection within FRP composites (e.g., debonding, voids, delamination at layers), UT, IR, and TT have been recognized as the most suitable ones.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nondestructive Testing (NDT) for Damage Detection in Concrete Elements with Externally Bonded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer

Ortiz,

Dolati,

Malla

et al. 2024

Buildings

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Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites offer a corrosion-resistant, lightweight, and durable alternative to traditional steel material in concrete structures. However, the lack of established inspection methods for assessing reinforced concrete elements with externally bonded FRP (EB-FRP) composites hinders industry-wide confidence in their adoption. This study addresses this gap by investigating non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for detecting damage and defects in EB-FRP concrete elements. As such, this study first identified and categorized potential damage in EB-FRP concrete elements considering where and why they occur. The most promising NDT methods for detecting this damage were then analyzed. And lastly, experiments were carried out to assess the feasibility of the selected NDT methods for detecting these defects. The result of this study introduces infrared thermography (IR) as a proper method for identifying defects underneath the FRP system (wet lay-up). The IR was capable of highlighting defects as small as 625 mm2 (1 in.2) whether between layers (debonding) or between the substrate and FRP (delamination). It also indicates the inability of GPR to detect damage below the FRP laminates, while indicating the capability of PAU to detect concrete delamination and qualitatively identify bond damage in the FRP system. The outcome of this research can be used to provide guidance for choosing effective on-site NDT techniques, saving considerable time and cost for inspection. Importantly, this study also paves the way for further innovation in damage detection techniques addressing the current limitations.

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Section: Ndt Methods Applicable To Eb-frp Concrete Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ndt Methods Applicable To Eb-frp Concrete Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nondestructive Testing (NDT) for Damage Detection in Concrete Elements with Externally Bonded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer

Ortiz,

Dolati,

Malla

et al. 2024

Buildings

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“…Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) relies on detecting the leaked magnetic flux in ferromagnetic structures. Acoustic emission (AE) aims to register sound waves originating from the growth or propagation of internal defects [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive Evaluation of Tensile Stress-loaded GFRPs Using the Magnetic Recording Method

Łukaszuk,

Chady,

Żwir

et al. 2024

Materials

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This paper presents the results of inspecting tensile stress-loaded GFRP (glass fiber-reinforced polymer) samples using the Magnetic Recording Method (MRM). The MRM can be utilized solely to examine ferromagnetic materials. The modification was proposed in order to examine nonmagnetic composites. Ferromagnetic strips made of low-carbon steel DC01 were bonded to the surface using an adhesive composed of epoxy resin with the addition of triethylenetetramine. The modified method’s feasibility was tested on six samples made of GFRP. The research procedure consisted of three steps. In the first step, a metal strip is glued at the top surface of each sample, and an array of 100 cylindrical permanent magnets is used to record a sinusoidal magnetic pattern on the strip. The initial residual magnetization is measured in the second step, and the samples are subjected to static stress. In the third step, the residual magnetization is measured one more time. Ultimately, the measurement results from the second and third steps are compared. Generally, the applied stress causes changes in the amplitude and frequency of the sinusoidal magnetization pattern. In the case of GFRP, the frequency changes have not been used for evaluation due to minimal variations. The statistical parameters (mean, median, max, and mode) of the RMS (root mean square) value of the sinusoidal pattern were calculated and analyzed. The analysis demonstrates that the modified method is suitable for providing unequivocal and exact information on the load applied to a nonmagnetic composite material. For the presented results, the applied load can be assessed unambiguously for the samples elongated up to 0.6%.

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“…Utilizing various testing techniques detects surface and internal defects, damages, or structural changes without causing sample destruction. Due to its ability to provide timely and accurate information, NDT has found extensive applications in industries such as aerospace, automotive, marine, nuclear, and construction, facilitating quality control and fault diagnosis, as well as ensuring preventive maintenance, structural safety, and reliability [20,21]. Furthermore, NDT methods hold significant potential for the evaluation of porosity in TBCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive Evaluation of Thermal Barrier Coatings’ Porosity Based on Terahertz Multi-Feature Fusion and a Machine Learning Approach

Zhang

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) play a crucial role in safeguarding aero-engine blades from high-temperature environments and enhancing their performance and durability. Accurate evaluation of TBCs’ porosity is of paramount importance for aerospace material research. However, existing evaluation methods often involve destructive testing or lack precision. In this study, we proposed a novel nondestructive evaluation method for TBCs’ porosity, utilizing terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and a machine learning approach. The primary objective was to achieve reliable and precise porosity evaluation without causing damage to the coatings. Multiple feature parameters were extracted from THz-TDS data to characterize porosity variations. Additionally, correlation analysis and p-value testing were employed to assess the significance and correlations among the feature parameters. Subsequently, the dung-beetle-optimizer-algorithm-optimized random forest (DBO-RF) regression model was applied to accurately predict the porosity. Model performance was evaluated using K-fold cross-validation. Experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed method, with the DBO-RF model achieving high precision and robustness in porosity prediction. The model evaluation revealed a root-mean-square error of 1.802, mean absolute error of 1.549, mean absolute percentage error of 8.362, and average regression coefficient of 0.912. This study introduces a novel technique that presents a dependable nondestructive testing solution for the evaluation and prediction of TBCs’ porosity, effectively monitoring the service life of TBCs and determining their effectiveness. With its practical applicability in the aerospace industry, this method plays a vital role in the assessment and analysis of TBCs’ performance, driving progress in aerospace material research.

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Identifying NDT methods for damage detection in concrete elements reinforced or strengthened with FRP

Cited by 15 publications

References 93 publications

Nondestructive Testing (NDT) for Damage Detection in Concrete Elements with Externally Bonded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer

Nondestructive Testing (NDT) for Damage Detection in Concrete Elements with Externally Bonded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer

Nondestructive Evaluation of Tensile Stress-loaded GFRPs Using the Magnetic Recording Method

Nondestructive Evaluation of Thermal Barrier Coatings’ Porosity Based on Terahertz Multi-Feature Fusion and a Machine Learning Approach

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