Identifying difficulties in rapeseed root penetration in farmers’ fields in northern European conditions

Peltonen‐Sainio, Pirjo; Jauhiainen, Lauri; Laitinen, Pauliina; Salopelto, Juha; Saastamoinen, Marketta; Hannukkala, Asko

doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2011.00331.x

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…This is not, however, likely with the minor crops such as N-fixing grain legumes, crops like potato with reasonably intensive production and rapeseed. Rapeseed has undergone yield decline without being primarily driven by reduced fertilizer use: it has the lowest yield removed N, and thereby, seemingly low N use efficiency [40], which again may be partly attributable to compacted soils impeding the root penetration of rapeseed [41]. On the other hand, turnip rape has faced major challenges during the 2000s caused by insufficient and even reduced availability and use of chemical control agents while plant protection risks have become more severe [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land Use, Yield and Quality Changes of Minor Field Crops: Is There Superseded Potential to Be Reinvented in Northern Europe?

2016

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Diversification of agriculture was one of the strengthened aims of the greening payment of European Agricultural Policy (CAP) as diversification provides numerous ecosystems services compared to cereal-intensive crop rotations. This study focuses on current minor crops in Finland that have potential for expanded production and considers changes in their cropping areas, yield trends, breeding gains, roles in crop rotations and potential for improving resilience. Long-term datasets of Natural Resources Institute Finland and farmers’ land use data from the Agency of Rural Affairs were used to analyze the above-mentioned trends and changes. The role of minor crops in rotations declined when early and late CAP periods were compared and that of cereal monocultures strengthened. Genetic yield potentials of minor crops have increased as also genetic improvements in quality traits, although some typical trade-offs with improved yields have also appeared. However, the gap between potential and attained yields has expanded, depending on the minor crop, as national yield trends have either stagnated or declined. When comparing genetic improvements of minor crops to those of the emerging major crop, spring wheat, breeding achievements in minor crops were lower. It was evident that the current agricultural policies in the prevailing market and the price environment have not encouraged cultivation of minor crops but further strengthened the role of cereal monocultures. We suggest optimization of agricultural land use, which is a core element of sustainable intensification, as a future means to couple long-term environmental sustainability with better success in economic profitability and social acceptability. This calls for development of effective policy instruments to support farmer’s diversification actions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land Use, Yield and Quality Changes of Minor Field Crops: Is There Superseded Potential to Be Reinvented in Northern Europe?

2016

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“…In Finland, Peltonen-Sainio et al (2011) concluded that the oilseed rape yield decrease is partially related to worsened penetration of its roots into deeper layers of soil, when direct drilling or reduced shallow tillage is applied. Trukmann et al (2008) maintain that on Estonian compacted sandy loam soils Putte et al, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oilseed rape is sensitive to soil compaction. However, it has been observed that oilseed rape roots can penetrate better through solid layers of soil using pores and cracks compared to wheat roots (Sauzet et al, 2003;Peltonen-Sainio et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tillage, lime sludge and cover crop on soil physical state and growth of spring oilseed rape

Velykis

Satkus

Masilionytė

2014

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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Research was carried out during 2008-2010 at the Joniškėlis Experimental Station of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry on a clay loam Endocalcary-Endohypogleyic Cambisol (CMg-n-w-can). The aim of the present study was to determine effects of deep (20-23 cm) and shallow (15-17 cm) ploughing, ploughless tillage (10-12 cm), combinations of ploughless tillage (10-12 cm) with incorporation of lime sludge and cover crop (mixture of field pea, common vetch and blue lupine) for green manure and application of the same cover crop for mulch without autumn tillage on soil physical properties and growth of spring oilseed rape (Brasica napus L.) crop. After shallow ploughing the soil water content in seedbed (0-5 cm) for spring oilseed rape right after its sowing was significantly lower in droughty years (with duration of post-sowing period without rainfall for 18 and 20 days in 2008 and 2009, respectively) and crop emergence was worse compared to deep ploughing. Due to ploughless tillage, the soil water content in seedbed was significantly lower in droughty years and seedbed structure was worse in sufficiently wet year compared to deep ploughing. Incorporation of lime sludge by ploughless tillage resulted in significantly higher soil water content at 5-15 cm depth, better seedbed structure and greater crop germination rate compared to ploughless tillage alone. Incorporation of lime sludge also increased oilseed rape yield by 11.1% in droughty year. Having incorporated the cover crop for green manure late in autumn by ploughless tillage the oilseed rape in droughty years germinated significantly worse, the soil water content remaining in the seedbed after emergence was lower and the yield decreased by 19.8% compared to ploughless tillage. Having left the cover crop mulch over winter without autumn tillage demonstrated significantly higher soil water content at 5-15 cm depth after oilseed rape sowing; however, in droughty years the seedbed became drier, its structure deteriorated, the crop germinated worse and yield decreased by 12.1-17.3% compared to ploughless tillage. Spring oilseed rape germination rate in droughty years was influenced by the soil water content in the seedbed after sowing (r = 0.56, P < 0.01), content of 2-5 mm soil aggregate fraction in seedbed (r = 0.50, P < 0.05) and by the seedbed structure, expressed as an index (r = 0.50, P < 0.05), while crop yield -by the seedbed structure (r = 0.67, P < 0.01) and by the germination rate (r = 0.74, P < 0.01).

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“…Problems in the root system development of oilseed crops have been shown to be one important factor affecting the declining yield trend. The poor soil‐penetration capacity of roots, caused by soil compaction, has been recorded in oilseed crops in Finland (Peltonen‐Sainio et al , ). In addition to mechanical root problems, club root disease is widely distributed throughout cultivation acreage of OSR in Finland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizoctonia solaniinjuries in oilseed crops in Finland and impacts of different crop management practices on disease incidence and severity

et al. 2016

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A disease survey in Finnish oilseed Brassica (OSR) fields in 2007-09 revealed the widespread occurrence and several fold increase of necrotic stem base lesions and severely injured blackened roots in comparison to a corresponding survey carried out in 1984-89. Rhizoctonia solani was the predominant fungi detected in the isolations and was followed by several species of Fusarium and Thielaviopsis basicola. In 60% of the samples all three species were detected together. Only the R. solani AG 2-1 strains isolated from OSR and other cruciferous hosts caused damping off or stem base symptoms on turnip rape in a greenhouse experiment. Therefore R. solani AG 2-1 was considered the main pathogen associated with the observed symptoms in OSR crops. Cultural practices changed significantly between the 1980s and 2000s. In the 2007-09 survey there was an increase in the cultivation of oilseed rape instead of turnip rape, increase in the use of no soil or reduced soil tillage and of chemical control of weeds, but a reduction in macronutrient fertilization, especially P and K, when compared to the 1980s survey. The risk for high incidence of stem base lesions and blackened roots was affected by different cultural practices. No tillage and maintaining sufficient soil pH and NPK fertilisation decreased the risk for both types of R. solani induced symptoms. Late sowing date increased the risk for high incidence of stem base lesions, while application of fungicides against Sclerotinia reduced it. The incidence of R. solani damages in many fields was very high in spite of relatively long crop rotations and therefore the average effect of crop rotation in the disease was insignificant. Current turnip rape cultivars are vulnerable to root rot while oilseed rape is vulnerable to stem base symptoms. The higher incidence of R. solani induced diseases could be associated with the decline in productivity of OSR crops in Finland. This study showed that cultural practices such as reduced or no soil tillage, adequate levels of pH and of NPK fertilization could reduce the severity of the symptoms in OSR fields.

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Identifying difficulties in rapeseed root penetration in farmers’ fields in northern European conditions

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Land Use, Yield and Quality Changes of Minor Field Crops: Is There Superseded Potential to Be Reinvented in Northern Europe?

Land Use, Yield and Quality Changes of Minor Field Crops: Is There Superseded Potential to Be Reinvented in Northern Europe?

Effect of tillage, lime sludge and cover crop on soil physical state and growth of spring oilseed rape

Rhizoctonia solaniinjuries in oilseed crops in Finland and impacts of different crop management practices on disease incidence and severity

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