Identifying and estimating the relative importance of sources of airborne particulates

Kleinman, Michael T.; Pasternack, Bernard S.; Eisenbud, Merril; Kneip, T.J.

doi:10.1021/es60161a010

Cited by 96 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Table 9 hsts the results. The motor-vehicle primary-part~culate contribution to urban-air particulate mass is -11% (-9 pg/m3) on the average, in reasonable agreement with other estimates (e.g., 11%; Larsen, 1966), 18% (Larsen, 1966;Conlee et al, 1967;Hammerle and Pierson, 1975), 8"/,-23% (Kleinman -et al, 1980). The urban-air species most influenced by primary vehicle particulate matter are, in order, Br, Pb, H, C, Ba, Mn, Sr, Mg, Ca, C1, I, and P.Al1 of the rest are broadly comparable, with only minimal (0%4%) vehicle contributions.…”

Section: Contribution Of Vehicles To Urban Air Particulate Concentratsupporting

confidence: 89%

Particulate Matter Associated with Vehicles on the Road. II

Pierson

Brachaczek

1982

Aerosol Science and Technology

157

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Section: Contribution Of Vehicles To Urban Air Particulate Concentratsupporting

confidence: 89%

Particulate Matter Associated with Vehicles on the Road. II

Pierson

Brachaczek

1982

Aerosol Science and Technology

157

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“…28 -30 Multivariable regression models have been used in the past to apportion particulate matter to various sources using tracer species. 20,31 Although these models have been shown to agree well with other receptor models, 21 they are not widely used today, because the source-profile-based multivariate models, which were briefly mentioned above, have become more popular.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of Personal Exposure to Fine Particles in Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Kim

Sass-Kortsāk

Purdham

et al. 2005

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Individuals are exposed to particulate matter from both indoor and outdoor sources. The aim of this study was to compare the relative contributions of three sources of personal exposure to fine particles (PM 2.5 ) by using chemical tracers. The study design incorporated repeated 24-hr personal exposure measurements of air pollution from 28 cardiac-compromised residents of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Each study participant wore the Rupprecht & Patashnick ChemPass Personal Sampling System 1 day a week for a maximum of 10 weeks. During their individual exposure measurement days the subjects reported to have spent an average of 89% of their time indoors. Particle phase elemental carbon, sulfate, and calcium personal exposure data were used in a mixed-effects model as tracers for outdoor PM 2.5 from traffic-related combustion, regional, and local crustal materials, respectively. These three sources were found to contribute 13% Ϯ 10%, 17% Ϯ 16%, and 7% Ϯ 6% of PM 2.5 exposures. The remaining fraction of the personal PM 2.5 is hypothesized to be predominantly related to indoor sources. For comparison, central site outdoor PM 2.5 measurements for the same dates as personal measurements were used to construct a receptor model using the same three tracers. In this case, traffic-related combustion, regional, and local crustal materials were found to contribute 19% Ϯ 17%, 52% Ϯ 22%, and 10% Ϯ 7%, respectively. Our results indicate that the three outdoor PM 2.5 sources considered are statistically significant contributors to personal exposure to PM 2.5 . Our results also suggest that among the Toronto subjects, who spent a considerable amount of time indoors, exposure to outdoor PM 2.5 includes a greater relative contribution from combustion sources compared with outdoor PM 2.5 measurements where regional sources are the dominant contributor.

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“…While a CMB can be used in both long-term synoptic studies and short-term intensive studies, they are difficult to employ due to the information required about sources and their characterization. CMBs have been used quite successfully to apportion specific sources of atmospheric particulate matter (Dzubay et al, 1988;Kao and Friedlander, 1995;Kleinman et al, 1980;Kowalczyk et al, 1982;Lewis et al, 1986;Morandi et al, 1987;Pratsinis et al, 1988;Tuncel et al, 1985). However, they are not as applicable to sources of organic contaminants due to the atmospheric lability of many SOCs.…”

Section: Source Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air monitoring of persistent organic pollutants in the Great Lakes: IADN vs. AEOLOS

Simcik

2005

Environ Monit Assess

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When designing a monitoring campaign, one has to consider many factors in the decision to perform a long-term synoptic monitoring program or a short-term intensive study. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. This paper compares and contrasts the information obtained from two studies conducted on the Laurentian Great Lakes. One, the Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network (IADN), is a long-term synoptic monitoring study and the other, the Atmospheric Exchange Over Lakes and Oceans (AEOLOS), was a short-term intensive study. The advantages of long-term synoptic monitoring programs are providing greater spatial information, the relative influence of long and short-range transport on the regional background, gross loadings representative of the majority of each lake and long-term temporal trends. Short-term intensive studies provide more information on the processes governing sources, transport and deposition, such as the urban/industrial influence on adjacent large water bodies, specific sources to an urban/industrial area and short-term fluctuations in concentrations due to meteorology, source strength and photochemical reactions. Using information provided by both the IADN and AEOLOS studies, areas of urban influence are predicted for each of the five Great Lakes.

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Identifying and estimating the relative importance of sources of airborne particulates

Abstract: This study was funded by grants from the Electric Power Research Institute (Grant No. RP439-1) and the American Petroleum Institute, and is part of a Center Program supported by Grant No.

Cited by 96 publications

References 8 publications

Particulate Matter Associated with Vehicles on the Road. II

Particulate Matter Associated with Vehicles on the Road. II

Sources of Personal Exposure to Fine Particles in Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Air monitoring of persistent organic pollutants in the Great Lakes: IADN vs. AEOLOS

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