Identify potential allelochemicals from Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr. root extracts that induce allelopathy on Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.

Abstract

Although it is well-documented that invasion of invasive plants is promoted with allelopathic effects by inhibiting the growth and phenotypic performance of native plants, little is known conversely. In this study, the allelopathy effects of a native plant, Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr., on a typical invasive species Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., was investigated by exposing A. philoxeroides seedlings to three chemical solvent extracts (i.e., petroleum ether extract (PE), ethyl acetate extract (EE), and n-butanol extract (NE) of H. scandens root (HR). The three chemical extracts inhibited the growth, stem length, node number, leaf number, leaf area, and root number, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content of A. philoxeroides seedlings, which indicated that the extracts inhibited the plant growth by damaging the membrane system of leaves. And the synthetical effect of allelopathy (SE) index indicated that EE had the greatest inhibition on the growth of A. philoxeroides. Fifty compounds were identified from the three extracts of HR using GC–MS analysis, among which 5 compounds (dibutyl phthalate, stigmasta-3,5-diene, 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol campesterol, and neophytadiene) were identified from H. scandens root extracts for the first time. And n-hexadecanoic acid exists in all three extracts. The findings of the present study provide a novel method to potentially control the invasion of A. philoxeroides. However, field monitoring under natural conditions would be necessary to confirm in practice the results obtained with the bioassays.

Solanum linnaeanum Leaves: Chemical Profiling of VOCs and Effects on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Monocots and Dicots

“…roots inducing allelopathy on Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., one of the worst weeds of both terrestrial and aquatic habitats in the world [25] . Hexadecanoic acid was also included among the compounds located in soils amended with root residues of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv.…”

“…Griseb., one of the worst weeds of both terrestrial and aquatic habitats in the world. [25] Hexadecanoic acid was also included among the compounds located in soils amended with root residues of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. and considered responsible for the allelopathic suppression of P. sativum L. [26] Likewise, aromadendrene (S. linnaeanum powder) is a sesquiterpenoid previously identified as both a minor and a major component in various essential oils [e. g., from Salvia officinalis L. leaves, Leucanthemum vulgare (Vaill.)…”

Effects of autotoxicity and allelopathy on seed germination and seedling growth in Medicago truncatula

“…To date, many chemical compounds potentially associated with autotoxicity and allelopathy have been isolated, the effects of these et al, 2018;Yan et al, 2019;Ma et al, 2020;Martins et al, 2021;Mousavi et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2021). However, it has not been possible to confirm the exact function of a certain compound by genetically knocking out its biosynthetic pathway (Cheng and Cheng, 2015).…”

Effects of simulated acid rain on rhizosphere microorganisms of invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides and native Alternanthera sessilis

“…Biological invasion is a common environmental problem faced by countries all over the world, and is considered the second largest threat to biodiversity worldwide, forming a monodominant population by competing with local species, resulting in the reduction in local biodiversity (Wang et al, 2021a). Alternanthera philoxeroides is a malignant invasive weed native to South America.…”