Identification, synthesis, and quantification of a novel carbazole derivative as an impurity in the anthraquinone dye Ext. D&C Violet No. 2 (Acid Violet 43)

Inside the History of Italian Coloring Industries: An Investigation of ACNA Dyes through a Novel Analytical Protocol for Synthetic Dye Extraction and Characterization

“…Furthermore, as synthetic dyes come from multistep synthesis and, therefore, may contain various side products, performing any separation or purification on the final compounds may not be commercially feasible for industries. Therefore, commercial synthetic dyes commonly contain a medium-high purity, and the remainder comprises side products [ 16 ]. For these reasons, the application of well-suited extraction methods (decided upon by the historical context and literary information available for the object under analysis), the use of an effective cleanup step (which isolates and purifies the molecules of interest before analysis), and analysis with high-sensitivity techniques such as UHPLC-MS is a beneficial approach that avoids sample losses, decreases spectral interference, and maximizes signal intensity [ 17 ].…”

An overview of recent progress in multiple dual‐mode counter‐current chromatography

“…At the same time, the technique also has the advantages of high recovery, high preparation volume, and low solvent loss [4,5]. As a result, it has been widely used in the separation of complex components in the fields of natural products [6][7][8][9][10], synthetic products [11][12][13][14][15], chiral separation [16][17][18][19][20], and rare earth elements [21,22]. However, CCC also has obvious drawbacks, such as low theoretical column numbers and separation efficiency.…”