Identification of β-Glucosidase Activity of E nterococcus Faecalis  CRNB-A3 in Airag and Its Potential to Convert Ginsenoside Rb₁ from Panax Ginseng

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to isolate the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exhibiting β‐glucosidase activity from Airag, and investigate the hydrolytic activity of the enzyme on saponin (Korean ginsenoside). Of the 33 types of LAB with positive reactions (β‐glucosidase) in the Esculin Iron Agar test, one LAB (CRNB‐A3) was found to have high hydrolytic activity for ginsenoside Rb1. 16S rDNA analysis revealed that CRNB‐A3 was Enterococcus faecalis (99.9% homology). The optimum temperature and pH for growth of CRNB‐A3 in MRS broth were 35C and 8.0, respectively. Crude enzyme from E. faecalis CRNB‐A3 showed ability to convert ginsenoside Rb1 into minor ginsenosides Rg3 and Rg5. The use of an API ZYM kit showed that E. faecalis CRNB‐A3 had higher activities of leucine arylamidase, esterase and β‐glucosidase than any other enzyme activities. Additionally, E. faecalis CRNB‐A3 was identified as being hetero‐fermentative. Practical Applications The fermentation of Panax ginseng yields many compounds from ginsenoside that have varying biological functions. These compounds are widely consumed in Korea and other Asian nations in the form of extracts, alcohols, candy, fermented liquids and pharmacological products. This study revealed that an Airag (Mongolian KOUMISS) LAB strain possessed a strong ability to convert ginsenoside Rb1 to Rg3 and Rg5, which could be used in food and cosmetic industries for making yogurts, beverage products, cosmetics and other products for ginsenoside supplementations.

Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum or Enterococcus faecalis as co‐inoculants with Aspergillus oryzae in koji making on the physicochemical properties of soy sauce

“…β‐glucosidase activity increased by 5.0 times (174.3 ± 15.8 U g −1 in group A) and 5.4 times (182.9 ± 16.7 U g −1 in group B) compared with the control group at 36 h of koji making (Figure 1d). Differences between the experimental group and the control group may be attributed to the addition of NSTLAB‐LE during koji making, considering that previous studies have found that these two bacterial species can produce β‐glucosidase (Gouripur & Kaliwal, 2017; Renchinkhand et al., 2016).…”

Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Ginsenosides in Mice

“…Bifidobacterium longum (content 6%) and Enterococcus sp. (content 6%) also have been reported to be involved in the deglycosylaiton of PPD-type ginsenosides [ 64 , 65 ].…”

“…Bifidobacterium longum (content 6%) and Enterococcus sp. (content 6%) also have been reported to be involved in the deglycosylaiton of PPD-type ginsenosides [64,65]. Similarly, the incubation of diglycosylated PPT-type ginsenosides, GRe, GRf, and GRg1 with LAB produced GRh1.…”

Characterization of Paenibacillus sp. MBT213 Isolated from Raw Milk and Its Ability to Convert Ginsenoside Rb1 into Ginsenoside Rd from Panax ginseng

“…Of these methods, enzymatic conversion is the most desirable one for production of particular ginsenosides ( Kim et al , 2005 ). β-glucosidase produced by various microorganisms such as Lactobacillus plantarum CRNB22 ( Renchinkhand et al , 2015 ), Enterococcus faecalis CRNB-A3 ( Renchinkhand et al , 2016 ) and Microbacterium sp. ( Cheng et al , 2008 ) has been used for the production of biotransfomed ginsenosides.…”