Characterization of Paenibacillus sp. MBT213 Isolated from Raw Milk and Its Ability to Convert Ginsenoside Rb₁ into Ginsenoside Rd from Panax ginseng

Abstract

This study was conducted to isolate and characterize Paenibacillus sp. MBT213 possessing β-glucosidase activity from raw milk, and examine the enzymatic capacity on the hydrolysis of a major ginsenoside (Rb1). Strain MBT213 was found to have a high hydrolytic ability on ginsenoside Rb1 by Esculin Iron Agar test. 16S rDNA analysis revealed that MBT213 was Paenibacillu sp. Crude enzyme of MBT213 strain exhibited high conversion capacity on ginsenoside Rb1 into ginsenoside Rd proven by TLC and HPLC analyses. The API ZYM kit confirmed that Paenibacillu sp. MBT213 exerted higher β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase activity than other strains. Optimum pH and temperature for crude enzyme were found at 7.0 and 35°C in hydrolysis of ginsenoside Rb1. After 10 d of optimal reaction conditions for the crude enzyme, ginsenoside Rb1 fully converted to ginsenoside Rd. Ginseng roots (20%) were fermented for 14 d, and analyzed by HPLC showed that amount of ginsenoside Rb1 significantly decreased, while that of ginsenoside Rd was significantly increased. The study confirmed that the β-glucosidase produced by Paenibacillus sp. MBT213 can hydrolyze the major ginsenoside Rb1 and convert to Rd during fermentation of the ginseng. The β-glucosidase activity of this novel Paenibacillus sp. MBT213 strain may be utilized in development of variety of health foods, dairy foods and pharmaceutical products.

Production of β-glucosidase from okara fermentation using Kluyveromyces marxianus

“…The production of b-glucosidase can be demonstrated by the color depth of a dark brown region (Renchinkhandand et al 2017) using esculin medium. As shown in Fig.…”

“…At first, the production of the b-glucosidase level on okara by K. marxianus fermentation was determined using the esculin medium. (Renchinkhandand et al 2017). One hundred lL of K. marxianus suspension (10 7 cells/mL) was evenly coated to a plate (9.0 cm 9 9.0 cm) with modified esculin medium (1 g/L esculin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin 6-glucoside), 1 g/L ferric ammonium citrate, 1 g/L KH 2-PO 4 , 0.5 g/L MgSO 4 , 2 g/L agar, and 2.5 g/L peptone, 10 g/L yeast extract or 10 g/L okara, pH 5.0).…”

Identification of β-Glucosidase Activity of Lentilactobacillus buchneri URN103L and Its Potential to Convert Ginsenoside Rb1 from Panax ginseng

“…Lactobacillus strains were isolated from eight types of traditional Korean fermented plant foods randomly collected from the Daejeon area. Isolation of LAB with β-glucosidase activity from fermented plants was performed according to the method in [ 13 ]. The culture supernatants were filtered using a 0.2 μm syringe filter (HYUNDAT MICRO Co. LTD., Seoul, Korea) and mixed with 1 mg mL −1 standard saponin (Rg1 (4.80%), Re (12.95%), Rc (11.12%), Rd (5.87%), Rb2 (8.32%), Rb1 (15.91%)) in a 1:1 ( v / v ) ratio.…”

Biotransformation of Major Ginsenoside Rb1 to Rd by Dekkera anomala YAE-1 from Mongolian Fermented Milk (Airag)

“…The experimental strains were isolated from airag, a Mongolian fermented milk product. Samples were plated according to the method [12][13][14]. Esculin-positive colonies were inoculated in pH 4.0 Yeast Malt broth (HiMedia Laboratories, USA), and sample preparation and β-glucosidase activity were determined by the procedure [12].…”

“…Samples were plated according to the method [12][13][14]. Esculin-positive colonies were inoculated in pH 4.0 Yeast Malt broth (HiMedia Laboratories, USA), and sample preparation and β-glucosidase activity were determined by the procedure [12]. Conversion of ginsenosides was checked by TLC analysis [15].…”