Identification of Viruses in Patients With Postviral Olfactory Dysfunction

Abstract

This study for the first time detected rhinovirus, coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, and Epstein-Barr virus in nasal discharge of patients with PVOD. Furthermore, the present study suggests that rhinoviruses can cause olfactory dysfunction through mechanisms other than nasal obstruction and that rhinoviruses can induce various severities and different time courses of olfactory dysfunction.

Human rhinoviruses: The cold wars resume

“…HEV, human enterovirus; EV, echovirus; CV, coxsackievirus; HPV, human poliovirus. (Phillips et al, 1968) URT illness 7,9,13,14,17,56,64 1968 Children (Read et al, 1997) Recurrent asthma 13,29,32,48,49,81 1997 Adult (Military) (Bloom et al, 1963) URT illness 1A, 1B, 2 1963 Adult (Outpatients) (Suzuki et al, 2007) PVOD 40,75,78,80 2007 Adult (Military) (Rosenbaum et al, 1971) Common cold 1A, 2, 38, 7, 64, SD-7407 1971 Adult (Office workers) ARTI 4,9,10,12-14,16,24,35,39 1966 Adult (Lung transplant) (Kaiser et al, 2006) Graft dysfunction 3,27,64 2006 Adult (LTCF) (Louie et al, 2005) LRT illness 82 2005 Adult (Surgery) (Craighead et al, 1969) LRT illness 13 1969 Post-mortem (infants) (Urquhart and Grist, 1972;Urquhart and Stott, 1970SIDS 15, 22 1972 Adult (Isolation) (Holmes et al, 1976) LRT illness 2 1976 Children (isolation) (Stott et al, 1969) LRT illness 1B,10,16,18,19,32,33,38,40,49,51,65,78 1979 URT illness 12,23,50 Children (Krilov et al, 1986) LRT illness 1B,44,53,56,63,88 1986 Children Adults (Reilly et al, 1962) ARTI-Ab NEG for common viruses 10,12,13,18,19,23-25,27,28 1962 7-12,19-22,58 Ab, antibody; ARTI, acute respiratory tract infection; ILI, influenza-like illness; LRT, lower respiratory tract; LTCF, long term care facility; PVOD, post-viral olfactory disease; SD-7407, untyped HRV strain; SIDS, sudden infant death syndrome; URT, upper respiratory tract.…”

“…HRV shedding is commonly limited to a 10-14 day period in immunocompetent subjects, although shedding or illness may not be detectable even after experimental inoculation (Kaiser et al, 2006;Douglas et al, 1966b;Rosenbaum et al, 1971;Suzuki et al, 2007;Dick et al, 1967;Arruda et al, 1997). Adults and children are usually asymptomatic by the 5th day post-infection (Cate et al, 1964).…”

Features of anosmia in COVID-19

“…The concept of anosmia after viral infection is known as post-infectious/post-viral olfactory loss (POL). Different kind of viruses can induce POL, including coronaviruses such as HCoV-229E [17]. However, medical literature data indicates that the duration of POL can be long: a study of 63 patients with POL reported that after one year 80% of patients had subjective recovery [18].…”

Diseases of the nasal cavity

“…SCHWARTZ ET AL. postviral olfactory dysfunction include rhinovirus, coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, and Epstein-Barr virus (Suzuki et al, 2007). Nonetheless, an extensive body of literature has furnished histopathologic evidence of disruption at various levels along the olfactory pathway following a viral insult.…”