Identification of Veillonella Species in the Tongue Biofilm by Using a Novel One-Step Polymerase Chain Reaction Method

Abstract

Six Veillonella species have been frequently isolated from human oral cavities including infectious sites. Recently, it was reported that diet, smoking, and possibly socioeconomic status can influence the bacterial profile in oral cavities. In addition, oral hygiene habits may also influence oral microbiota in terms of both numbers and diversity of microorganisms. In this study, the identification of Veillonella species in tongue biofilms of Thai children, divided into three groups dependent on their status of oral hygiene. For this, we used a novel one-step PCR method with species-specific primer sets based on sequences of the rpoB gene. As shown in the results, the number of isolates of Veillonella species was 101 strains from only 10 of 89 subjects. However, the total number of bacteria was high for all subjects. Since it was reported in previous studies that Veillonella species were easy to isolate in human tongue biofilms at high numbers, the results obtained in this study may suggest country- or age-specific differences. Moreover, Veillonella species were detected predominantly in subjects who had poor oral hygiene compared to those with good or moderate oral hygiene. From these results, there is a possibility that Veillonella species may be an index of oral hygiene status. Furthermore, V. rogosae was a predominant species in tongue biofilms of Thai children, whereas V. parvula and V. denticariosi were not isolated at all. These characteristics of the distribution and frequency of Veillonella species are similar to those reported in previous studies. Although further studies are needed in other countries, in this study, a successful novel one-step PCR method was established to detect Veillonella species in human oral cavities easily and effectively. Furthermore, this is the first report investigating the distribution and frequency of Veillonella species in tongue biofilms of Thai children.

http://www.ijcmas.com/abstractview.php?ID=3029&vol=6-7-2017&SNo=54

“…In a previous study, Mashima et al, (2016) investigated the distribution and frequency of oral Veillonella at the species level in tongue biofilms of 89 children. The study reported that 101 strains of Veillonella species were detected in only 10 of the 89 subjects.…”

“…A previous study also demonstrated that V. rogosae was the predominant Veillonella species isolated from tongue biofilms of children (Mashima et al, 2016). Beighton et al, (2008) investigated the predominant cultivable Veillonella species in tongue biofilms of healthy adults in the UK (11 subjects; gender and age not reported), and found V. rogosae as one of the predominant species.…”

“…Thirteen species have been established in the genus Veillonella. Of these, only V. atypica, V. denticariosi, V. dispar, V. parvula, V. rogosae, and V. tobetsuensis have been isolated from human oral cavities as oral Veillonella species (Mashima et al, 2016). The main habitats of oral Veillonella species are tongue biofilms, dental biofilms, buccal mucosa, and saliva (Hughes et al, 1988;Mashima et al, 2016;Liljemark and Gibbons, 1971).…”

“…Of these, only V. atypica, V. denticariosi, V. dispar, V. parvula, V. rogosae, and V. tobetsuensis have been isolated from human oral cavities as oral Veillonella species (Mashima et al, 2016). The main habitats of oral Veillonella species are tongue biofilms, dental biofilms, buccal mucosa, and saliva (Hughes et al, 1988;Mashima et al, 2016;Liljemark and Gibbons, 1971). Oral Veillonella species, particularly V. parvula, have been detected in severe early childhood caries (Kanasi et al, 2010) and intraradicular infections (Sundqvist, 1992), including abscesses (Khamaleelakul et al, 2002), apical root canals (Baumgartner and Falkler Jr., 1991), and dental tubules (Peters et al, 2001).…”

“…For species-level identification, we used a one-step PCR method with the species-specific primer sets ATYR, DENR, DISR, PARR, ROGR, TOBR, and VF (Mashima et al, 2016).…”