Identification of two α-tocodienol isomers in palm oil after countercurrent chromatographic enrichment

Application of Partial Hydrogenation for the Generation of Minor Tocochromanol Homologs and Functional Evaluation of Hydrogenated Tocotrienol-rich Vitamin E Oil in Diabetic Obese Mice

“…In contrast to the vast knowledge on the physiological functions of Toc and T3, the minor homologs of VE, namely T1 and T2, remain poorly studied, which is mainly because T1 and T2 are not commercially available. Recently, Muller et al 4 have developed a simple and excellent method to concentrate α-T1 and T2 from palm oil using countercurrent chromatography. In that study, however, the estimated concentration of α-T2 was less than 40 μg/100 g in palm oil, and their low abundance in natural products prevent the characterization of their structure-dependent functional properties.…”

Countercurrent chromatographic isolation of 11´-γ-tocomonoenol from and detection of novel minor tocochromanols in pumpkin seed oil

“…Moreover, two α-T2 isomers (i.e. 3 ,11 -α-T2 and 7 ,11 -α-T2) were successively detected in palm oil (Gee et al, 2016;Müller et al, 2020).…”

“…The GC/MS spectrum of silylated γ-T1 was similar to the one of silylated γ-T except for the shift of the silylated M + to m/z 486 (γ-T1) instead ofm/z 488 (γ-T). Additionally, the allylic ion at m/z 69 was visible and produced evidence that the db in the side chain was located at C-11 (Müller et al, 2020;Fiorentino et al, 2009).…”

“…Specifically, Butinar et al (2011) detected γ-T1 with a content of˜120 μg/g in roasted seeds of the Slovenian pumpkin variety Slovenska golica . The position of the db was provisionally allocated to C-11 -position based on data collected for α-T1 (Ng et al, 2004;Puah et al, 2007) and the diagnostic allylic ion at m/z 69 (Müller et al, 2020;Fiorentino et al, 2009). Moreover, they also tentatively indicated the presence of a γ-T2 isomer in the same samples (Butinar et al, 2011).…”

“…The goal of this study was the isolation as well as the structural characterisation and verification of γ-T1 in high purity from PSO. Given previous experience with the isolation of tocochromanols (Müller et al, 2018;Müller et al, 2020;Vetter et al, (2019), countercurrent chromatography (CCC) appeared to be well-suited for this purpose. Furthermore, CCC fractionation followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the individual fractions enabled the detection of more minor lipid components than without this step (Schröder and Vetter, 2012).…”