Identification of transforming growth factor-β- regulated genes in
            <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>
            by differential hybridization of arrayed cDNAs

Mochii, Makoto; Yoshida, Shigeo; Morita, Kiyokazu; Kohara, Yuji; Ueno, Naoto

doi:10.1073/pnas.96.26.15020

Cited by 90 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The cDNA was extracted and amplified as described above and was digested with BamHI to give a 256-bp fragment; an RNA probe was then generated by in vitro transcription using the digoxigenin RNA labeling kit (Roche Applied Science), and whole-mount in situ hybridization was performed (25).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serine Protease-mediated Host Invasion by the Parasitic Nematode Steinernema carpocapsae

Toubarro

Lucena-Robles

Nascimento

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Steinernema carpocapsae is an insect parasitic nematode used in biological control, which infects insects penetrating by mouth and anus and invading the hemocoelium through the midgut wall. Invasion has been described as a key factor in nematode virulence and suggested to be mediated by proteases. A serine protease cDNA from the parasitic stage was sequenced (sc-sp-1); the recombinant protein was produced in an Escherichia coli system, and a native protein was purified from the secreted products. Both proteins were confirmed by mass spectrometry to be encoded by the sc-sp-1 gene. Sc-SP-1 has a pI of 8.7, a molecular mass of 27.3 kDa, a catalytic efficiency of 22.2 ؋ 10 4 s ؊1 M ؊1 against N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA, and is inhibited by chymostatin (IC 0.07) and PMSF (IC 0.73). Sc-SP-1 belongs to the chymotrypsin family, based on sequence and biochemical analysis. Only the nematode parasitic stage expressed sc-sp-1. These nematodes in the midgut lumen, prepared to invade the insect hemocoelium, expressed higher levels than those already in the hemocoelium. Moreover, parasitic nematode sense insect peritrophic membrane and hemolymph more quickly than they do other tissues, which initiates sc-sp-1 expression. Ex vivo, Sc-SP-1 was able to bind to insect midgut epithelium and to cause cell detachment from basal lamina. In vitro, Sc-SP-1 formed holes in an artificial membrane model (Matrigel), whereas Sc-SP-1 treated with PMSF did not, very likely because it hydrolyzes matrix glycoproteins. These findings highlight the S. carpocapsae-invasive process that is a key step in the parasitism thus opening new perspectives for improving nematode virulence to use in biological control.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serine Protease-mediated Host Invasion by the Parasitic Nematode Steinernema carpocapsae

Toubarro

Lucena-Robles

Nascimento

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…The expression of several lysozyme genes was shown to be controlled by C. elegans immune signalling pathways. For example, lys-7 and lys-8 are known targets of DAF-16 (FOXO) [62] and the TGF-b pathway [70,71]. Expression of lys-2 is regulated by the GATA transcription factor ELT-2 and the p38 MAPK PMK-1 [72].…”

Section: (E) Lysozymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial effectors in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans : an outgroup to the Arthropoda

Dierking

Yang

Schulenburg

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 13 to a theme issue 'Evolutionary ecology of arthropod antimicrobial peptides'. Nematodes and arthropods likely form the taxon Ecdysozoa. Information on antimicrobial effectors from the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans may thus shed light on the evolutionary origin of these defences in arthropods. This nematode species possesses an extensive armory of putative antimicrobial effector proteins, such as lysozymes, caenopores (or saposin-like proteins), defensin-like peptides, caenacins and neuropeptide-like proteins, in addition to the production of reactive oxygen species and autophagy. As C. elegans is a bacterivore that lives in microbe-rich environments, some of its effector peptides and proteins likely function in both digestion of bacterial food and pathogen elimination. In this review, we provide an overview of C. elegans immune effector proteins and mechanisms. We summarize the experimental evidence of their antimicrobial function and involvement in the response to pathogen infection. We further evaluate the microbe-induced expression of effector genes using WormExp, a recently established database for C. elegans gene expression analysis. We emphasize the need for further analysis at the protein level to demonstrate an antimicrobial activity of these molecules both in vitro and in vivo.This article is part of the themed issue 'Evolutionary ecology of arthropod antimicrobial peptides'.

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“…This included analysis of a hypodermal expression of a concatamer of smad-binding elements driving GFP [the reporter acting downstream of SMAD (RAD-SMAD) reporter] and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of transcript levels of two intestine-specific genes whose expression levels are regulated by the Sma/Mab pathway ( Fig. 1 G and H) (13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Clathrin-dependent Endocytosis Is Necessary For Bmp Receptormentioning

confidence: 99%

BMP signaling requires retromer-dependent recycling of the type I receptor

Gleason

Akintobi²,

Grant³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

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The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily of signaling pathways, including the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) subfamily of ligands and receptors, controls a myriad of developmental processes across metazoan biology. Transport of the receptors from the plasma membrane to endosomes has been proposed to promote TGFβ signal transduction and shape BMP-signaling gradients throughout development. However, how postendocytic trafficking of BMP receptors contributes to the regulation of signal transduction has remained enigmatic. Here we report that the intracellular domain of Caenorhabditis elegans BMP type I receptor SMA-6 (small-6) binds to the retromer complex, and in retromer mutants, SMA-6 is degraded because of its missorting to lysosomes. Surprisingly, we find that the type II BMP receptor, DAF-4 (dauer formation-defective-4), is retromer-independent and recycles via a distinct pathway mediated by ARF-6 (ADP-ribosylation factor-6). Importantly, we find that loss of retromer blocks BMP signaling in multiple tissues. Taken together, our results indicate a mechanism that separates the type I and type II receptors during receptor recycling, potentially terminating signaling while preserving both receptors for further rounds of activation.endocytosis | receptor trafficking | C. elegans

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Identification of transforming growth factor-β- regulated genes in Caenorhabditis elegans by differential hybridization of arrayed cDNAs

Cited by 90 publications

References 19 publications

Serine Protease-mediated Host Invasion by the Parasitic Nematode Steinernema carpocapsae

Serine Protease-mediated Host Invasion by the Parasitic Nematode Steinernema carpocapsae

Antimicrobial effectors in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans : an outgroup to the Arthropoda

BMP signaling requires retromer-dependent recycling of the type I receptor

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