Identification of the neuropeptide precursor genes potentially involved in the larval settlement in the Echiuran worm Urechis unicinctus

Hou, Xitan; Qin, Zhenkui; Wei, Maokai; Fu, Zuntao; Liu, Ruonan; Lu, Li; Bai, Shumiao; Ma, Yutao; Zhang, Zhifeng

doi:10.1186/s12864-020-07312-4

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Although LK has been demonstrated in annelids, such as Urechis unicinctus and Capitella teleta [56,128], there are, as far as we know, no reports on the cellular localization of the peptide. In the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum, LK immunoreactivity was detected in neurons [45], but no LK precursor gene has been identified in nematodes, and thus it is not clear what endogeneous peptide the antiserum recognized.…”

Section: Neurosecretory Cells and Hormonal Roles Of Lk In Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Outside arthropods, multiple LK paracopies are also known. In the annelid worm Urechis unicinctus, eight paracopies of LKs have been identified [56], and the largest number of LKs was found in the LK precursor of the marine slug Aplysia californica with 30 (Figure 3) [22]. In some species, such as Frankliniella, Rhodnius, the bed bug Cimex lectularius, and Aplysia, the prepro-LK can give rise to additional non-LK peptides, resulting in a total of about 60 peptides in Aplysia [21,22,52,57].…”

Section: Figure 1 Sequences Of Leucokinins (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leucokinins: Multifunctional Neuropeptides and Hormones in Insects and Other Invertebrates

Nässel

2021

IJMS

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Leucokinins (LKs) constitute a neuropeptide family first discovered in a cockroach and later identified in numerous insects and several other invertebrates. The LK receptors are only distantly related to other known receptors. Among insects, there are many examples of species where genes encoding LKs and their receptors are absent. Furthermore, genomics has revealed that LK signaling is lacking in several of the invertebrate phyla and in vertebrates. In insects, the number and complexity of LK-expressing neurons vary, from the simple pattern in the Drosophila larva where the entire CNS has 20 neurons of 3 main types, to cockroaches with about 250 neurons of many different types. Common to all studied insects is the presence or 1–3 pairs of LK-expressing neurosecretory cells in each abdominal neuromere of the ventral nerve cord, that, at least in some insects, regulate secretion in Malpighian tubules. This review summarizes the diverse functional roles of LK signaling in insects, as well as other arthropods and mollusks. These functions include regulation of ion and water homeostasis, feeding, sleep–metabolism interactions, state-dependent memory formation, as well as modulation of gustatory sensitivity and nociception. Other functions are implied by the neuronal distribution of LK, but remain to be investigated.

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Section: Neurosecretory Cells and Hormonal Roles Of Lk In Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Figure 1 Sequences Of Leucokinins (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leucokinins: Multifunctional Neuropeptides and Hormones in Insects and Other Invertebrates

Nässel

2021

IJMS

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show abstract

“…Although LK has been demonstrated in annelids, such as Urechis unicinctus and Capitella teleta [54,124], there are, as far as we know, no reports on the cellular localization of the peptide. In the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum LK immunoreactivity was detected in neurons [45], but no LK precursor gene has been identified in nematodes, so it is not clear what endogeneous peptide the antiserum recognized.…”

Section: Neurosecretory Cells and Hormonal Roles Of Lk In Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Outside arthropods multiple LK paracopies are also known. In the annelid worm Urechis unicinctus, 8 paracopies of LKs were identified [54] and the largest number of LKs was found in the LK precursor of the marine slug Aplysia californica with 30 (Figure 3) [22]. In some species, like Frankliniella, Rhodnius, the bed bug Cimex lectularius and Aplysia, the prepro-LK can give rise to additional non-LK peptides, resulting in a total of about 60 peptides in Aplysia [21,22,52,55].…”

Section: Leucokinins and Their Receptors In Insects And Other Invertementioning

confidence: 99%

Leucokinins: Multifunctional Neuropeptides and Hormones in Insects and Other Invertebrates

Nässel¹,

Wu²

2021

Preprint

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Leucokinins (LKs) constitute a neuropeptide family first discovered in a cockroach and later identified in numerous insects and several other invertebrates. The LK receptors are only distantly related to other known receptors. Among insects, there are many examples of species where genes encoding LKs and their receptors are absent. Furthermore, genomics has revealed that LK signaling is lacking in several of the invertebrate phyla and in vertebrates. In insects, the number and complexity of LK expressing neurons vary, from the simple pattern in the larva of Drosophila where the entire CNS has 20 neurons of three main types, to cockroaches with about 250 of many different types. Common to all studied insects is the presence or 1-3 pairs of LK-expressing neurosecretory cells in each abdominal neuromere of the ventral nerve cord, that, at least in some insects, regulate secretion in Malpighian tubules. This review summarizes the diverse functional roles of LK signaling in insects, as well as other arthropods and mollusks. These functions include regulation of ion and water homeostasis, feeding, sleep-metabolism interactions, state-dependent memory formation, as well as modulation of gustatory sensitivity and nociception. Other functions are implied by the neuronal distribution of LK, but remain to be investigated.

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“…U. unicinctus possesses high economic value because of great edible value and potential medical value [14]. U. unicinctus is also mostly used to study gametogenesis [15], development [16][17][18][19][20][21][22], evolution…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and validation of the reference genes in the echiuran worm Urechis unicinctus based on transcriptome data

Chen

Wang

Yang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) is a crucial and widely used method for gene expression analysis. Selecting suitable reference genes is extremely important for the accuracy of RT-qPCRresults. Commonly used reference genes are not always stable in various organisms or under different environmental conditions. With the increasing application of high-throughput sequencing, transcriptome analysis has become an effective method for identifying novel stable reference genes. Results In this study, we identified candidate reference genes based on transcriptome data covering embryos and larvae of early development, normal adult tissues, and the hindgut under sulfide stress using the CV method in the echiuran Urechis unicinctus, resulting in 2093 (4.84%), 2534 (6%), and 9648 (24.94%) candidate reference genes, respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the candidate reference genes were significantly enriched in cellular metabolic process, protein metabolic process and ribosome in early development and normal adult tissues as well as in cellular localization and endocytosis in the hindgut undersulfide stress. Subsequently, ten genes including five new candidate reference genes and five commonly used reference genes, were validated by RT-qPCR. The expression stability of the ten genes was analyzed using four methods (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and ∆Ct). The comprehensive results indicated that the new candidate reference genes were more stable than most commonly used reference genes. The commonly used ACTB was the most unstable gene. The candidate reference genes STX12, EHMT1, and LYAG were the most stable genes in early development, normal adult tissues, and hindgut undersulfide stress, respectively. The FPKM of the transcriptome data was significantly negatively correlated with the Ct values of RT-qPCR (Ct = − 0.002518 FPKM + 26.63), which made it possible to estimate the Ct value before RT-qPCR using transcriptome data. Conclusion Our study is the first to select reference genes for RT-qPCR from transcriptome data in Echiura and provides important information for future gene expression studies in U. unicinctus.

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Identification of the neuropeptide precursor genes potentially involved in the larval settlement in the Echiuran worm Urechis unicinctus

Cited by 13 publications

References 81 publications

Leucokinins: Multifunctional Neuropeptides and Hormones in Insects and Other Invertebrates

Leucokinins: Multifunctional Neuropeptides and Hormones in Insects and Other Invertebrates

Leucokinins: Multifunctional Neuropeptides and Hormones in Insects and Other Invertebrates

Identification and validation of the reference genes in the echiuran worm Urechis unicinctus based on transcriptome data

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