Identification of the Male Parents of Half-sib Progeny from Japanese Black Pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) Clonal Seed Orchard using RAPD Markers.

Abstract

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to identify the male parents of the half-sib progeny from a single clone within a Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) clonal seed orchard consisting of 16 pinewood-nematode [Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer) Nickle] resistant clones. Twenty-one primers, with 28 polymorphic and reproducible fragments, were selected from 320 primers examined. The genotypes of orchard clones at each fragment were fingerprinted by RAPD analyses of both diploid needles and haploid tissues of megagametophytes from each clone. We used all 28 RAPD markers to identify the male parents of the half-sib progeny of a single orchard clone, Tanabe-(t)54. By comparing the genotype of orchard clones with the phenotype in the seedling at each RAPD locus, we were able to identify the male parents of 82 out of 85 seedlings. Pollen contamination and natural selfing occurred at rates of only 2.4 % and 1.2 %, respectively. Mating with the clone deviated significantly from panmixia. More than half of the progeny of the clone were produced through fertilization by only two clones. Seven clones did not contribute at all to fertilization as the male parent. Deviations from panmixia have been caused by a difference in the distance between clones, variation in the amounts of pollen, and phenological synchrony between clones. The possibility and limitations of RAPD markers for paternity analysis in conifer seed orchards are discussed.

Evaluation of Pollen Contamination in an Advanced Scots Pine Seed Orchard

“…Scots pine seed orchards in Scandinavia are generally located in regions where Scots pine is a common species and are exposed to an extensive natural pollen background. For other pine species the contamination rates are more variable, and may be low even when pollen sources of the same species are in the vicinity (GOTO et al, 2002;STOEHR and NEWTON, 2002). Estimates of identified contamination need adjustment as some alien pollen may fit to a genotype of seed orchard clone.…”

Parental participation in progeny and effective population sizes in experimental seed orchards of wild cherry Prunus avium L. (Batsch)

“…The progenies represent only a portion of the possible crossings from the seed orchards and panmixia is not reached. Deviations from panmixia caused by a difference in the distance between clones, variation in the amounts of pollen produced, and phenological synchrony between clones have already been suspected or demonstrated in seed orchards to explain pollination patterns (study on Pinus thunbergii [9] and study on Cryptomeria japonica [16]). On the contrary, the effective number of males that mate with each female was found to be large in a study of a Eucalyptus regnans seed orchard using the neighbourhood model [1].…”

GENETIC RELATIONSHIP OF ULIN (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. &Binn.) WILDLINGS USING RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHISM dna MARKERS

“…Penanda random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) merupakan salah satu penanda genetik molekuler, tersusun oleh 10 basa nukleotida, bersifat dominan sehingga hanya mampu mengenali alel homozigot dominan atau resesif, sementara alel heterozigot dibaca sebagai alel homozigot dominan. Penanda RAPD memiliki tingkat polimorfisme cukup tinggi, sehingga sering digunakan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik didalam populasi maupun jenis, bahkan untuk mengidentifikasi tetua jantan di kebun benih (Goto, Miyahara, & Ide, 2002). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman dan kekerabatan genetik antar anakan alam ulin menggunakan penanda RAPD tersebut.…”