Flowering are influenced by internal factors, such as genetic and phytohormone, and environment factors, such as sunlight and nutrition intake. The flowering characteristics influence fruiting and genetic diversity seedlings through mating systems. This study aims to assess flowering and fruiting characteristics and to determine pattern of mating system of a Calophyllum inophyllum plantation at Watusipat, Gunung Kidul. Flowering and fruiting were observed at 4 locations, 3 parts of crown, and 4 main directions to know the effects of sunlight, nutrition intake and phytohormone in the flowering process. Mating system was assessed by comparing genetic diversity values between parent trees and offsprings. The values of genetic diversity were analyzed using 5 RAPD primers with 17 polymorphic loci. Analysis of variant showed that the locations, crown parts, directions and interaction between a location and direction significantly affected to differences number of flowers and fruits. Values of genetic diversity (h) of parent trees ranged between 0.1471 and 0.3056. The values increased at almost overall offsprings; it ranged between 0.2864 and 0.3750. Values of genetic distance (Da) between parent trees were high and very high (0.197 -0.364), but the values was decreased between parent trees and their offspring, even between offspring populations. A dendrogram showed two main clusters; first cluster consisted parent trees at up edge with rare trees and second cluster consisted sub cluster parent trees at up edge; sub cluster parent trees at down middle; and sub cluster parent trees at down edge and overall offsprings. Flowering/ fruiting characteristics and pattern of mating systems of C. inophyllum were briefly discussed. Key words : Flowering characteristic, genetic diversity, Calophyllum inophyllum, RAPD analysis ABSTRAK Proses pembungaan dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal seperti genetik dan fitohormon, dan faktor lingkungan, seperti intensitas cahaya matahari dan unsur hara. Karakteristik pembungaan tersebut mempengaruhi proses terbentuknya buah dan keragaman genetik benih yang dihasilkan melalui keberhasilan mating system. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik pembungaan/pembuahan dan untuk mengetahui sistem perkawinan di hutan tanaman Calophyllum inophyllum di Watusipat, Gunung Kidul. Jumlah bunga dan buah diamati di 4 lokasi sub plot, 3 bagian tajuk, dan 4 arah mata angin, untuk mengetahui pengaruh intensitas cahaya matahari, unsur hara dan fitohormon terhadap proses pembungaan/pembuahan. Sistem perkawinan pada nyamplung diduga dengan cara membandingkan nilai keragaman genetik antara kelompok pohon induk dan anakan. Analisis keragaman genetik dilakukan menggunakan 5 penanda RAPD yang terdiri dari 17 lokus polymorfik. Analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa lokasi, tajuk, arah mata angin dan interaksi antara lokasi dan arah mata angin secara nyata mempengaruhi jumlah bunga dan buah. Keragaman genetik (h) populasi pohon induk berkisar antara 0,1471 dan 0,3056. Nilai h meningkat hampir pa...

ABSTRAKMetode seleksi primer merupakan metode yang efektif untuk mengembangkan penanda mikrosatelit dari jenis yang mempunyai kekerabatan dekat dalam suatu sistem taksonomi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan penanda mikrosatelit pada jenis Shorea penghasil tengkawang yaitu Shorea gysbertiana, Shorea macrophylla, Shorea pinanga dan Shorea stenoptera menggunakan metode seleksi primer mikrosatelit dari Shorea curtisii. Contoh daun dari empat jenis Shorea dikumpulkan dari persemaian di Balai Besar Penelitian Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman hutan, Yogyakarta. Amplifikasi empat penanda mikrosatelit S. curtisii yaitu Shc-1, Shc-2, Shc-7 dan Shc-9 diuji pada empat jenis Shorea tersebut. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sejumlah allele merupakan allele bersama antar jenis Shorea yang diuji. Nilai heterozigositas harapan (H E ) per lokus beragam, pada lokus Shc-1 berkisar antara 0,594 dan 0,722; lokus Shc-2 berkisar antara 0,219 dan 0,611;lokus Shc-7 berkisar antara 0,594 dan 0,779; lokus Shc-9 berkisar antara 0,594 dan 0,844. Koefisien inbreeding (F IS ) mempunyai nilai rendah dan tidak nyata menyimpang dari hukum keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg pada hampir semua lokus kecuali lokus Shc-1 pada S. pinanga. Dendrogram membentuk dua kelompok: S. gysbertsiana dan S. macrophylla membentuk satu kelompok, sedangkan S. stenoptera dan S. pinanga membentuk satu kelompok yang lain. Penanda mikrosatelit yang telah dikembangkan dapat digunakan untuk studi genetik populasi dan sistem perkawinan pada jenis Shorea yang diuji.

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Qiptiyah M, Pudyatmoko S, Widyatmoko AYPBC, Nurtjahjaningsih ILG, Imron MA. 2019. Cytochrome-b mitochondrial DNA characteristic from non-invasive samples of wild population Javan Banteng (Bos javanicus d’Alton, 1823). Biodiversitas 20: 350-355. Javan banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus) is one of the protected big mammals in Indonesia, due to its population decline. The main populations of Javan banteng are currently in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), Alas Purwo National Park (APNP), Meru Betiri National Park (MBNP) and Baluran National Park (BNP). These four remaining populations are fragmented with wide geographical distances. Population reduction and fragmentation between populations can promote depletion of genetic characters. This study aim to examine the genetic characteristics of Javan banteng based on cytochrome b region of mitochondrial DNA. Genetic materials were obtained by a non-invasive method (feces) from four national parks in Java.The sequencing results were aligned with cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA sequences from the other banteng (B. j. lowi and B. j. birmanicus) from the GeneBank sequence database. The results from this study revealed that the genetic distance of Javan banteng between UKNP, APNP, and BNP were 0, while the genetic distance between these populations with MBNP was 0.005. Moreover, the population of MBNP has only one haplotype that does not exist in the other populations. Based on these results, there should be caution in conducting genetic infusion of Javan banteng in their natural populations, especially in Meru Betiri National Park.

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