Identification of the AntiListerial Constituents in Partially Purified Column Chromatography Fractions of Garcinia kola Seeds and Their Interactions with Standard Antibiotics

Abstract

Partially purified fractions of the n-hexane extract of Garcinia kola seeds were obtained through column chromatography and their constituents were identified through the use of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three fractions were obtained by elution with benzene as the mobile phase and silica gel 60 as the stationery phase and these were named Benz1, Benz2, and Benz3 in the order of their elution. The antiListerial activities of these fractions were assessed through MIC determination and only Benz2 and Benz3 were found to be active with MIC's ranging from 0.625 to 2.5 mg/mL. The results of the GC-MS analysis showed Benz2 to have 9 compounds whilst Benz3 had 7 compounds, with the major compounds in both fractions being 9,19-Cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol, (3.β.) and 9,19-Cyclolanostan-3-ol,24-methylene-, (3.β.). The Benz2 fraction was found to have mainly indifferent interactions with ampicillin and penicillin G whilst mainly additive interactions were observed with ciprofloxacin. The Benz3 fraction's interactions were found to be 50% synergistic with penicillin G and 25% synergistic with ciprofloxacin and ampicillin. A commercially available 9,19-Cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol, (3.β.) was found not to exhibit any antiListerial activities at maximum test concentrations of 5 mg/mL, suggesting that the compound could be acting in synergy with the other compounds in the eluted fractions of Garcinia kola seeds.

GC–MS analysis of phytoconstituents from Amomum nilgiricum and molecular docking interactions of bioactive serverogenin acetate with target proteins

“…3,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one is a ketone compound with antioxidant activity 29 , which has been isolated from methanol leaf extract of Psidium guajava and methanol leaf extract of Syzygium alternifolim 30 . The phytoconstituent 3,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one which was identified from n-hexane seeds extract of Garcinia kola 31 and ethanol leaf extract of Aporosa lindleyana 32 so far there is no evidence of its biological activity 30 . Likewise, trimethyl-[[4-(trimethylsilylmethyl)phenyl]methyl]silane is an aromatic silica compound, reported from Cassia auriculata and Cardiospermum halicacabum ethanol leaf extracts 33 , however its biological activity has not yet documented 33 .…”

“…Serverogenin acetate is a bioactive compound known for its application in pharmacology, this bioactive compound isolated from methanol leaf extracts of Trichilia connaroides demonstrated broad spectrum of biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-insect, antimicrobial, anticancer and antiulcerogenic activities 44 . The trimethylsilyl derivative compound trimethyl-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]silane identified from n-hexane seed extract of G. kola 31 , chloroform and ethanol leaf extracts of Acacia karroo and Ziziphus mauritiana 45 produced significant antibacterial activity against clinical bacteria and also recorded anti-inflammatory, anticancer, analgesic and diuretic activities. Ethyl 2-oxopropanoate is an androstane natured compound reported from methanol leaves extract of A. nilotica 46 and Kamettia caryophyllata 47 showed potent bioactivities of acidifier, acidulant and inhibits production of uric acid 47 .…”

Effects of standardized stem bark extract of Mangifera indica L. in wistar rats with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-induced haemolytic anaemia

“…32 Other compounds detected with no apparent bioactivity reported so far include 2-Ethylacridine found in Drypteris cochleata, 33 Oldenlanddia corymbosa, 34 and Sesamum indicum while 9-Octadecanoic acid, (E)-and Benzo[h] quinoline,2,4-dimethyl-is also found in Sesamum indicum. 35 Another compound with no apparent biological activity reported so far is 2,4,6-Cycloheptatrien-1-one,3,5-bis-trimethylsilyl-found in Garcinia kola, 36 Aporosa lindleyana, 37 Arthrocnemon glaucum, 38 and Jatropha tanjorensis, 39 Benzofuran-6-ol-3-one, 2-(4ethoxycarbonyl)benzylideneis only found in Psidium guajava, 40 Upon all the chemical composition detected in this study, it is difficult to attribute the bioactivity of a complex mixture; however, many polyphenolic compounds have been reported to possess antioxidant activity a good example is Phenol, 2,4-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl)-detected in the present finding. Vitamin E also found in this study may also be responsible for the biological activity along with other polyphenolic compounds which may exert their effect synergistically.…”

Natural Pesticidal Compounds of Euphorbia Prostrata

“…The two major compounds identified in this study were also found as the major constituents in the extract of Garcinia kola. Although in purified form these compounds were unable to control bacterial growth, however, they showed synergistic effects with other compounds in the extract and showed antibacterial activity against Listeria strains (Penduka et al, 2014). Moderately abundant compound neophytadiene was previously identified in methanolic leaf extract of Mentha pulegium as the most abundant compound (69.95%).…”