Identification of T-Cell Epitopes in Nonstructural Proteins of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

Active immunisation of mice with GnRH lipopeptide vaccine candidates: Importance of T helper or multi-dimer GnRH epitope

“…It *** *** *** ** ns was also demonstrated that alternative strategies, such as using multiple copies of a peptide dimer, were successful without the need for additional helper epitopes, which can be useful because helper epitope selection can be challenging, particularly when developing a vaccine to be tested on cross-species platforms. 39,40 This study confirmed the self-adjuvanting activity of the LAA moieties by eliciting comparable anti-GnRH IgG titers to the titers obtained from the constructs co-administered with CFA. Further analysis is necessary to optimise and understand the mechanisms responsible for the immunogenicity of these lipopeptide vaccine candidates and their epitopes.…”

Comparative Genomics of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

“…A previously described transmembrane domain (positions 60 through 76) (54) which tolerated conservative amino acid substitutions at all positions except invariant residues L64, L68, A70, and I72 was also variable in this study. Our data revealed limited variability in the potential 3A T-cell epitope that was previously identified between positions 21 and 35 (10). The variable nature of 3A suggests that it may be highly informative for epidemiologic or forensic purposes.…”

Induction of a Cross-Reactive CD8+T Cell Response following Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Vaccination

“…The role of cellular immunity in the protection of animals from FMDV is still a matter of some controversy. Specific T cellmediated antiviral responses have been observed in cattle and swine following either infection or vaccination (3,7,24). CD4 ϩ T cell responses are suggested to play an important role in protection against FMDV, and published studies demonstrate the presence of FMDV-specific MHC class II-restricted responses in cattle and pigs (22,24).…”