Identification of six Trypanosoma cruzi phylogenetic lineages by random amplified polymorphic DNA and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis

Trypanosoma cruzi: ancestral genomes and population structure

“…Hybrid strains 167, 1022, 182, CL Brener and Tulacl2 have genotypes 4/99, 2/102, 5/108, 5/100 and 3/103, respectively, and form one group, while strains MNcl2, NR, SC43cl1, and SO3 have genotypes 52/133, 55/130, 54/129 and 54/130 and form another group. Notably, these groups are equivalent to sub-lineages IIe and IId of Brisse et al (2000). This suggests that at least two independent hybridisations occurred, presumably followed by clonal microdifferentiation.…”

“…The MDS cluster BH contained the strains belonging to the hybrid sub-lineages IId and IIe (Brisse et al 2000), all of which fall within mitochondrial clade B. Thus, the strains of sub-lineages IId and IIe are not only produced by hybridisations between T. cruzi II and T. cruzi III, but both have the same mitochondrial donor, T. cruzi III.…”

“…Among these unclassified strains are those belonging to zymodeme Z3 (23) and hybrid strains characterised as rDNA group 1/2 (Souto et al 1996, Stolf et al 2003. Using isozymes and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing, Brisse et al (2000Brisse et al ( , 2001 proposed an alternative subdivision of T. cruzi strains into two major groups or DTUs (Discrete Typing Units) I and II. DTUI is a homogenous group corresponding to T. cruzi I. DTU II, however, is further subdivided into five sub-lineages (DTU IIa-e), each comprising one of the following reference strains: CanIII cl1 (IIa), Esmeraldo cl3 (IIb), M5631 cl5 (IIc), MN cl2 (IId) and CL Brener (IIe).…”

“…Four clusters are clearly visible and identified by ellipsoids in the MDS plot. The identity of the clusters is revealed by the presence of the prototypical strains of Brisse et al (2000): MDS-cluster A corresponds to DTU I or T. cruzi I, MDS-cluster C to DTU IIb or T. cruzi II, MDS-cluster B to DTU IIc and MDS-cluster BH to the DTU IId and IIe. Only three strains fell outside the four clusters: CanIII (DTU IIa), Dog Theis and 402.…”

A new consensus for Trypanosoma cruzi intraspecific nomenclature: second revision meeting recommends TcI to TcVI

“…DTUs are defined as ''sets of stocks that are genetically more related to each other than to any other stock and that are identifiable by common genetic, molecular or immunological markers'' (Tibayrenc 1998). T. cruzi DTU II was further split into five DTUs, IIa-e (Brisse et al 2000(Brisse et al , 2001, based on congruent phylogenetic information from MLEE and RAPD markers. DTUs I and IIb correspond, respectively, to the T. cruzi I and T. cruzi II groups recommended by the original expert committee in 1999 (Table I).…”