Identification of salivary autoantibodies as biomarkers of oral cancer with immunoglobulin A enrichment combined with affinity mass spectrometry

Abstract

Globally, oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common fatal illnesses. Its high mortality is ascribed to the fact that the disease is often diagnosed at a late stage, which indicates an urgent need for approaches for the early detection of OSCC. The use of salivary autoantibodies (autoAbs) as OSCC biomarkers has numerous advantages such as easy access to saliva samples and efficient detection of autoAbs using well‐established secondary reagents. To improve OSCC screening, we identified OSCC‐associated autoAbs with the enrichment of salivary autoAbs combined with affinity mass spectrometry (MS). The salivary IgA of healthy individuals and OSCC patients was purified with peptide M‐conjugated beads and then applied to immunoprecipitated antigens (Ags) in OSCC cells. Using tandem MS analysis and spectral counting‐based quantitation, the level of 10 Ags increased in the OSCC group compared with the control group. Moreover, salivary levels of autoAbs to the 10 Ags were determined by a multiplexed bead‐based immunoassay. Among them, seven were significantly higher in early‐stage OSCC patients than in healthy individuals. A marker panel consisting of autoAbs to LMAN2, PTGR1, RAB13, and UQCRC2 was further developed to improve the early diagnosis of OSCC.

Expression of Salivary HIF-1α Levels Among the Clinical Stages of Oral Submucous Fibrosis

“…Recently biomedical researchers have trying to evaluate the role of saliva as a key specimen in the detection and evaluation of multiple systemic and local pathological processes. Early detection of disease is key to decreasing morbidity, and mortality and preventing the complications of disease 21,22 . The role of saliva has been extensively reported not only because of its ease of availability and non-invasive nature of procedure but also due to the abundance of *p-value < 0.05 is considered significant, the Kruskal Wallis, Kendall Tau's Correlation test and, Binary logistic regression were applied genetic material and proteins in saliva samples 23,24 .…”

Identification and Validation of a Prognostic Signature Derived from the Cancer Stem Cells for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…In the investigation of breast cancer stem cells, PTGR1 has been recognized as a prospective prognostic indicator associated with the condition of breast CSCs and the progression of cancers [47]. Moreover, the elevation of anti-PTGR1 autoantibody in saliva is considered a biomarker for early-stage OSCC [48]. The RPL35A gene is situated on the chromosomal band 3q29-qter and plays a crucial role in facilitating protein synthesis, therefore serving as a biomarker for cancer angiogenesis [49,50].…”

High-Multiplex Aptamer-Based Serum Proteomics to Identify Candidate Serum Biomarkers of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…There is rising evidence that analyzing the proteome may reveal a prognostic signature of OSCC and help to optimize diagnostics and individualize therapy concepts [ 31 ]. This way, multiple protein biomarker events that can serve as molecular fingerprints for the assessment of disease state and prognosis may be detected [ 18 , 32 ]. However, such earlier studies were limited due to the difficulty to detect and especially quantify thousands of serum or plasma proteins of low abundancy that are usually the most specific markers of disease, but reflect less than 1% of the total protein content dominated by abundant proteins such as albumins, immunoglobulins, common transport proteins and others.…”