Identification of redox imbalance as a prominent metabolic response elicited by rapeseed feeding in swine metabolome1

Abstract

Rapeseed (RS) is an abundant and inexpensive source of energy and AA in diets for monogastrics and a sustainable alternative to soybean meal. It also contains diverse bioactive phytochemicals that could have antinutritional effects at high dose. When the RS-derived feed ingredients (RSF) are used in swine diets, the uptake of these nutrients and phytochemicals is expected to affect the metabolic system. In this study, 2 groups of young pigs (17.8 ± 2.7 kg initial BW) were equally fed a soybean meal-based control diet and an RSF-based diet, respectively, for 3 wk. Digesta, liver, and serum samples from these pigs were examined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analysis to determine the metabolic effects of the 2 diets. Analyses of digesta samples revealed that sinapine, sinapic acid, and gluconapin were robust exposure markers of RS. The distribution of free AA along the intestine of RSF pigs was consistent with the reduced apparent ileal digestibility of AA observed in these pigs. Despite its higher fiber content, the RSF diet did not affect microbial metabolites in the digesta, including short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids. Analyses of the liver and serum samples revealed that RSF altered the levels of AA metabolites involved in the urea cycle and 1-carbon metabolism. More importantly, RSF increased the levels of multiple oxidized metabolites and aldehydes while decreased the levels of ascorbic acid and docosahexaenoic acid-containing lipids in the liver and serum, suggesting that RSF could disrupt redox balance in young pigs. Overall, the results indicated that RSF elicited diverse metabolic events in young pigs through its influences on nutrient and antioxidant metabolism, which might affect the performance and health in long-term feeding and also provide the venues for nutritional and processing interventions to improve the utilization of RSF in pigs.

Gut microbiota profiling in Norwegian weaner pigs reveals potentially beneficial effects of a high-fiber rapeseed diet

“…coli [41]. Interestingly, the metabolomics analysis performed on the present study did not detect any significant increase in SCFA concentrations in the digesta of RSF-fed pigs [18]. However, microbiota profiling found that the bacterial phylotypes reputed to be responsible for dietary fiber fermentation and SCFA production were more abundant in RSF pigs.…”

“…In our study, stronger negative correlations were found between the bile acids and the bacterial genera in the RSF pigs compared with the CON pigs in colon. Previously, no significant difference in bile salt concentrations between the CON and the RSF diets was observed [18]. However, the negative associations between the bacteria and bile salts in colon of the RSF pigs are interesting and should be studied further in terms of health-promoting effects of RSF because secondary bile acids (e.g.…”

“…A metabolomics analysis was performed on the digesta samples from the pigs in the present study using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) by Chen et al [18].…”

Differently Pre-treated Rapeseed Meals Affect in vitro Swine Gut Microbiota Composition

“…This also indicated that microbial function between t0 and later time points was modulated, and geared toward degradation of these new substrates. Previous studies showed that a high-fiber rapeseed diet did not results in a significant increase in SCFA content in the chyme of RSM-fed pigs after a 3-week adaptation period ( Chen et al, 2018 ; Umu et al, 2018 ), which seemed to indicate that the adaptation period was not long enough. Thus, strategies should be considered to shorten the fiber adaptation period, in order to increase feed efficiency.…”

“…Previous studies showed that a high-fiber rapeseed diet did not results in a significant increase in SCFA content in the chyme of RSM-fed pigs after a 3-week adaptation period ( Chen et al, 2018 ; Umu et al, 2018 ). However, SCFA-producing microbes, such as Dialister , Shuttleworthia , Bulleidia , Coprococcus , and Lachnospira , were detected more abundant in the colon of high-fiber rapeseed pigs compared to those in the control pigs ( Umu et al, 2018 ).…”