Identification of Pythium insidiosum complex by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry

Mani, Rinosh; Vilela, Raquel; Kettler, Niesa; Chilvers, Martin I.; Mendoza, Leonel

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000941

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, recent studies using MALDI‐TOF cladistics analysis showed protein spectra variation between geographically diverse isolates of P insidiosum and were able to identify and discriminate filamentous fungal and fungal‐like microbes as Pythium spp. and Phytopythium litorale , respectively . It is thus important to evaluate the spectra of each of the different phylogenetic clusters for an accurate identification of the P insidiosum complex …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Phytopythium litorale , respectively . It is thus important to evaluate the spectra of each of the different phylogenetic clusters for an accurate identification of the P insidiosum complex …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…53 It is thus important to evaluate the spectra of each of the different phylogenetic clusters for an accurate identification of the P insidiosum complex. [53][54][55] Even so, the paraphyletic status of P insidiosum Thai isolates in relation to American ones support the scenario in which American isolates or species derive from Asian ones. 12 In this case, it seems plausible that the Great American Interchange played a role in the geodispersal of P insidiosum about 3-2.6 Mya.…”

Section: And Mccarthymentioning

confidence: 99%

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New insights on evolutionary aspects of Pythium insidiosum and other peronosporaleans

Weiblen

Robe

Azevedo

et al. 2020

Mycoses

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Summary Background The evolution of pathogenic mechanisms is a major challenge, which requires a thorough comprehension of the phylogenetic relationships of pathogens. Peronosporaleans encompasses a heterogeneous group of oomycetes that includes some animal/human pathogens, like Pythium insidiosum. Objective We analysed here the phylogenetic positioning and other evolutionary aspects related to this species and other peronosporaleans, using a multi‐locus approach with one mitochondrial and three nuclear genes. Methodology Phylogenetic patterns of 55 oomycetes were inferred by maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis, and a relaxed molecular clock method was applied to infer the divergence time of some peronosporaleans branches. Results Pythium insidiosum was monophyletic with a major and polytomous clade of American isolates; however, Pythium spp. was found to be paraphyletic with Phytopythium sp. and Phytophthora spp. In general, peronosporaleans subdivided into four lineages, one of which evidenced a close relationship of P insidiosum, P aphanidermatum and P arrhenomanes. This lineage diverged about 63 million years ago (Mya), whereas P insidiosum diversified at approximately 24 Mya. The divergence of American and Thai isolates seems to have occurred at approximately 17 Mya, with further American diversification at 2.4 Mya. Conclusion Overall, this study clarifies the phylogenetic relationships of P insidiosum regarding other peronosporaleans in a multi‐locus perspective, despite previous claims that phylogenomic analyses are needed to accurately infer the patterns and processes related to the evolution of different lineages in this group. Additionally, this is the first time that a molecular clock was applied to study the evolution of P insidiosum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: And Mccarthymentioning

confidence: 99%

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New insights on evolutionary aspects of Pythium insidiosum and other peronosporaleans

Weiblen

Robe

Azevedo

et al. 2020

Mycoses

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“…We find the statement by Bernheim et al on the use of a MALDI-TOF spectrum from a single P. insidiosum (if the recovered isolate was indeed P. insidiosum) isolate misleading. We based our argument on the findings of Mani et al (2019). These investigators, using MALDI-TOF, tested 52 P. insidiosum isolates from all over the world and concluded that for an accurate identification of P. insidiosum complex, MALDI-TOF should include the spectra of each of the different phylogenetic clusters reported earlier by Schurko et al (2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is important to mention that two papers using the MALDI-TOF approach to identify P. insidiosum from clinical samples, missed by Bernheim et al (2019), appeared in the last two years (Krajaejun et al, 2018;Mani et al, 2019). These papers highlighted the importance of MALDI-TOF in the identification of submerged filamentous colonies from cases of superficial or systemic suspected pythiosis infections in humans and animals.…”

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confidence: 99%

An accurate identification of Pythium insidiosum complex using MALDI-TOF, requires representative spectra of each of its four phylogenetic clusters

Mendoza

Vilela

Mani

2019

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Pythium insidiosum Keratitis: Past, Present, and Future

et al. 2022

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Pythium insidiosum (PI) is an oomycete, a protist belonging to the clade Stramenopila. PI causes vision-threatening keratitis closely mimicking fungal keratitis (FK), hence it is also labeled as “parafungus”. PI keratitis was initially confined to Thailand, USA, China, and Australia, but with growing clinical awareness and improvement in diagnostic modalities, the last decade saw a massive upsurge in numbers with the majority of reports coming from India. In the early 1990s, pythiosis was classified as vascular, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, systemic, and ocular. Clinically, morphologically, and microbiologically, PI keratitis closely resembles severe FK and requires a high index of clinical suspicion for diagnosis. The clinical features such as reticular dot infiltrate, tentacular projections, peripheral thinning with guttering, and rapid limbal spread distinguish it from other microorganisms. Routine smearing with Gram and KOH stain reveals perpendicular septate/aseptate hyphae, which closely mimic fungi and make the diagnosis cumbersome. The definitive diagnosis is the presence of dull grey/brown refractile colonies along with zoospore formation upon culture by leaf induction method. However, culture is time-consuming, and currently polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method is the gold standard. The value of other diagnostic modalities such as confocal microscopy and immunohistopathological assays is limited due to cost, non-availability, and limited diagnostic accuracy. PI keratitis is a relatively rare disease without established treatment protocols. Because of its resemblance to fungus, it was earlier treated with antifungals but with an improved understanding of its cell wall structure and absence of ergosterol, this is no longer recommended. Currently, antibacterials have shown promising results. Therapeutic keratoplasty with good margin (1 mm) is mandated for non-resolving cases and corneal perforation. In this review, we have deliberated on the evolution of PI keratitis, covered all the recently available literature, described our current understanding of the diagnosis and treatment, and the potential future diagnostic and management options for PI keratitis.

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Identification of Pythium insidiosum complex by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

New insights on evolutionary aspects of Pythium insidiosum and other peronosporaleans

New insights on evolutionary aspects of Pythium insidiosum and other peronosporaleans

An accurate identification of Pythium insidiosum complex using MALDI-TOF, requires representative spectra of each of its four phylogenetic clusters

Pythium insidiosum Keratitis: Past, Present, and Future

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