Identification of porcine circovirus in tissues of pigs with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome

Rosell, C.; Segalés, Joaquím; Ramos-Vara, J. A.; Folch, Josep María; Rodríguez-Arrioja, G. M.; Duran, C. Oliver; Balasch, M.; Plana-Durán, J.; Domingo, Mariano

doi:10.1136/vr.146.2.40

Cited by 182 publications

(139 citation statements)

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“…PCV2 is associated with several disease manifestations in pigs commonly summarized as porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD) (Opriessnig et al, 2007). PCVAD includes systemic infection in nursery age pigs commonly characterized by wasting and general failure to thrive (Chae, 2004), hepatic disease (Rosell et al, 2000a), respiratory disease (Harms et al, 2002), enteric disease (Kim et al, 2004), reproductive failure (Ladekjaer-Mikkelsen et al, 2001;O'Connor et al, 2001) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) (Rosell et al, 2000b). PCVAD has since emerged globally (Segalés et al, 2005) and now has become one of the most economically important diseases throughout pig producing countries (Opriessnig et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Singular PCV2a or PCV2b infection results in apoptosis of hepatocytes in clinically affected gnotobiotic pigs

Sinha

Schalk

Lager

et al. 2012

Research in Veterinary Science

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is clinically associated with respiratory disease, failure-to-thrive, hepatitis, and diarrhea; however, the precise pathogenesis of PCV2-associated disease and in particular its involvement in apoptosis is still controversial. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine whether PCV2 is associated with apoptosis by examining and comparing hepatic tissues from clinically affected or unaffected gnotobiotic pigs that were experimentally infected with PCV2, (2) to determine if there are differences between PCV2a and PCV2b in inducing hepatocyte apoptosis, and (3) to determine if there are differences between apoptosis detection systems. Forty-eight gnotobiotic pigs were separated into five groups based on inoculation status and development of clinical disease: (1) sham-inoculated, clinically-unaffected (n = 4), (2) inoculated with PCV2a, clinically-unaffected (n = 10), (3) inoculated with PCV2a, clinically-affected (n = 6), (4) inoculated with PCV2b, clinically-unaffected, (n = 13) and (5) inoculated with PCV2b, clinically-affected (n = 15). Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of liver from all pigs were analyzed for signs of apoptosis [presence of single strand DNA breaks in the nucleus by the terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay or presence of intra-nuclear cleaved caspase 3 (CCasp3) demonstrated by CCasp3 immunohistochemistry (IHC)]. In addition, the liver tissues were also tested for presence of cytoplasmic and intra-nuclear PCV2 antigen by an IHC assay. Specific CCasp3 and TUNEL labeling was detected in the nucleus of hepatocytes in PCV2a and PCV2b infected pigs with significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of apoptotic cells in clinically-affected pigs. Regardless of PCV2 subtype (PCV2a; PCV2b), there were higher levels of PCV2 antigen in clinically-affected pigs compared to clinically-unaffected pigs. There was no significant difference in detection rate of apoptotic cells between the TUNEL assay and CCasp3 IHC. When high amounts of PCV2 antigen were present, the incidence of CCasp3 and TUNEL staining also increased regardless of the PCV2 genotype. This suggests that PCV2-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes is important in the pathogenesis of PCV2-associated lesions and disease. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. b s t r a c tPorcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is clinically associated with respiratory disease, failure-to-thrive, hepatitis, and diarrhea; however, the precise pathogenesis of PCV2-associated disease and in particular its involvement in apoptosis is still controversial. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine whether PCV2 is associated with apoptosis by examining and comparing hepatic tissues from clinically affected or unaffected gnotobiotic pigs that were experimentally infected with PCV2, (2) to determine if there are differences between PCV2a and PCV2b in inducing hepatocyte ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Singular PCV2a or PCV2b infection results in apoptosis of hepatocytes in clinically affected gnotobiotic pigs

Sinha

Schalk

Lager

et al. 2012

Research in Veterinary Science

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“…PCV1 viruses are naturally nonpathogenic and do not cause any pathological lesions in pigs [5,29]. In contrast, PCV2 is accepted as the main causative agent involved in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, porcine respiratory disease complex, and reproductive disorders [2,12,14,21,22,25,26,31]. Recently, the term "porcine circovirus diseases" has been proposed for the group of diseases and conditions linked to PCV2 [1].…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Korean Pigs with Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome during 2005-2007

Kim

Park

Hyun

et al. 2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The comparison of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence was conducted with 9 porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) strains isolated from PCV2-infected pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and 50 tissue samples obtained from PCV2-infected 50 pigs with PMWS during [2005][2006][2007]. At amino acid positions 88-89 of the ORF2 gene, 50 Korean PCV2 had amino acids PR/L consistent with group 1 PCV2, whereas 9 Korean PCV2 contained amino acids KI, characteristic of group 2 PCV2. Phylogenetically, 47, 3, 2 and 7 Korean PCV2 belonged to subgroups 1A/B (79.7%), 1C (5.1%), 2D (3.4%) and 2E (11.9%), respectively. Although the predominant Korean PCV2 was subgroup 1A/B, subgroups 1C and 2E were still circulating and subgroup 2D PCV2 were found to be newly emerged in Korea. KEY WORDS: Korean pig, porcine circovirus type 2, prevalence.

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“…This is in accordance with the findings of microscopic changes consistent with PMWS which were not as frequent in the lymph nodes of the examined pigs as in the studies of other authors. For example Rosell et al (2000) found in lymphoid tissues of 455 examined pigs lymphocyte depletion in 407 pigs (89.5%), histiocytic inflammation in 354 pigs (78%) and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in 146 (32%) animals. Low frequency of histopathological changes can be influenced by an inadequate selection of clinically affected pigs for laboratory examinations, even in the case of positive findings of PCV2 antigen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the agent thought to be mainly responsible for development of the post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs . However, PCV2 infections of pigs are also associated with other clinical conditions called porcine dermatopathy and nephritis syndrome (PDNS), porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), and reproductive disorders and abortion (Rosell et al 2000;Segales et al 2004a). PMWS was first described in Canada in mid 1990s (Clark 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

Exploratory Epidemiological Study on Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Infection and Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome in the Czech Republic

Ficek¹,

Pšikal

Fictum

et al. 2010

Acta Vet. Brno

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The objective of our study was to diagnose the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and to determine the prevalence of the disease in 33 swine herds in the Czech Republic using the results of laboratory examinations of 100 pigs expressing the signs of wasting at the end of 2007. Microscopic lesions associated with the presence of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) antigen were detected in the lymph nodes from 39 of 100 diseased pigs (39%). Based on individual assessment of severity of microscopic lymphoid lesions associated with high amounts of PCV2 antigen, PMWS was confirmed in 4 out of 39 pigs originating from 3 of 33 herds (9%). The epidemiological study indicates that PCV2 infections associated with PMWS disease are only sporadically present in the Czech Republic. Subsequently used real time PCR technique confirmed the relation between PMWS status at the individual pig level and PCV2 DNA concentration. PCV2 DNA load in lymph nodes of PMWS-affected pigs were about 3 logs higher than the levels detected in the PMWS-nonaffected group (P < 0.05). Other parallel viral infections (PRRSV, PPV) were detected by real time PCR techniques in 21 out of 39 PCV2 infected pigs (54%). The results of serological examination of blood samples collected during the necropsy of 100 pigs are suggestive of great prevalence of PCV2 infections in pig herds; nevertheless serum samples collected from individual pigs at a single point in time had a low diagnostic value.

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Identification of porcine circovirus in tissues of pigs with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome

Cited by 182 publications

References 13 publications

Singular PCV2a or PCV2b infection results in apoptosis of hepatocytes in clinically affected gnotobiotic pigs

Singular PCV2a or PCV2b infection results in apoptosis of hepatocytes in clinically affected gnotobiotic pigs

Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Korean Pigs with Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome during 2005-2007

Exploratory Epidemiological Study on Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Infection and Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome in the Czech Republic

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