Identification of plasma glucocorticoids in pallid sturgeon in response to stress

Webb, Molly A. H.; Allert, J. A.; Kappenman, Kevin M.; Marcos, Josep; Feist, Grant W.; Schreck, Carl B.; Shackleton, Cedric

doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.06.002

Cited by 52 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Research conducted on the cortisol stress response of adult sturgeon species has demonstrated that the peak response in this group of fishes is somewhat reduced in comparison to the work conducted on teleost fishes Lankford et al 2003;Webb et al 2007). Following a variety of stressors such as air exposure, forced activity and net capture, highest measured cortisol values have been shown to vary between 4.9 ng.ml −1 in green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris (Lankford et al 2003) and 466.6 ng.ml −1 in stellate sturgeon, Acipenser stellatus (Bayunova et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The effect of temperature and substrate on the development of the cortisol stress response in the lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, Rafinesque (1817)

et al. 2011

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Lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, are considered threatened or endangered throughout most of their North American Range. Current hatchery rearing for re-stocking programs utilise conventional methods with little to no understanding of the relationship between rearing conditions and the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) stress axis. In the present study we examined the effects of substrate type and temperature on the development of the HPI stress axis in prolarval and larval lake sturgeon. Lake sturgeon raised over either gravel or no substrate did not consistently show an increase in whole body cortisol at the prolarval stage. However, after the onset of exogenous feeding a consistent increase in whole body cortisol following a stress was evident. Lake sturgeon larvae raised in gravel substrate demonstrated a sustained increase in whole body cortisol for at least 240 min post stress whereas whole body cortisol in larvae raised in no substrate returned to baseline within 240 min post stress. Lake sturgeon larvae raised at 9, 12 and 15°C exhibited markedly different cortisol responses with baseline whole body cortisol being, 38.6±3, 5.67± 0.41 and 25.38±2.84 ng.g −1 respectively. Furthermore, the chase induced increases in whole body cortisol at the larval stage were significantly different for each temperature treatment. These experiments demonstrate that physical environment has a significant impact on the development of the HPI stress axis in lake sturgeon.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The effect of temperature and substrate on the development of the cortisol stress response in the lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, Rafinesque (1817)

et al. 2011

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“…There are less common methods that we will not discuss (e.g., gas or liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry; Webb et al 2007) that may be of use for identification and/or simultaneous measurement of complex mixtures of steroids. Both RIA and EIA are competitive binding assays and highly sensitive.…”

Section: Gc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The site of blood collection is usually specific for the species or family in question, and it is best to consult the enormous literature in this area. Sites include the caudal vein in fish and reptiles (e.g., Jessop et al 2003;Webb et al 2007), the brachial and jugular veins in birds, (e.g., Newman et al 2008a), tail vein in mammals (kangaroos; e.g., Mckenzie et al 2004), the jugular (large mammals) and the saphenous veins (Hem et al 1998). …”

Section: Sample Collection and Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring stress in wildlife: techniques for quantifying glucocorticoids

et al. 2011

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Stress responses play a key role in allowing animals to cope with change and challenge in the face of both environmental certainty and uncertainty. Measurement of glucocorticoid levels, key elements in the neuroendocrine stress axis, can give insight into an animal's well-being and can aid understanding ecological and evolutionary processes as well as conservation and management issues. We give an overview of the four main biological samples that have been utilized [blood, saliva, excreta (feces and urine), and integumentary structures (hair and feathers)], their advantages and disadvantages for use with wildlife, and some of the background and pitfalls that users must consider in interpreting their results. The matrix of choice will depend on the nature of the study and of the species, on whether one is examining the impact of acute versus chronic stressors, and on the degree of invasiveness that is possible or desirable. In some cases, more than one matrix can be measured to achieve the same ends. All require a significant degree of expertise, sometimes in obtaining the sample and always in extracting and analyzing the glucocorticoid or its metabolites. Glucocorticoid measurement is proving to be a powerful integrator of environmental stressors and of an animal's condition.

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“…Juvenile white suckers, Catostomus commersoni , elevate plasma cortisol levels after 5 min of chasing with a net and recover to control levels 6 h later (Bandeen and Leatherland, 1997). In contrast, juvenile pallid sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus , exhibit a low cortisol response to acute handling stress (Barton et al, 2000) even though this is the predominant steroid produced by this species in response to stress (Webb et al, 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-body cortisol response of zebrafish to acute net handling stress

et al. 2009

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Zebrafish, Danio rerio, are frequently handled during husbandry and experimental procedures in the laboratory, yet little is known about the physiological responses to such stressors. We measured the whole-body cortisol levels of adult zebrafish subjected to net stress and air exposure at intervals over a 24 h period; cortisol recovered to near control levels by about 1 h post-net-stress (PNS). We then measured cortisol at frequent intervals over a 1 h period. Cortisol levels were more than 2-fold higher in net stressed fish at 3 min PNS and continued to increase peaking at 15 min PNS, when cortisol levels were 6-fold greater than the control cortisol. Mean cortisol declined from 15 to 60 min PNS, and at 60 min, net-stressed cortisol was similar to control cortisol. Because the age of fish differed between studies, we examined resting cortisol levels of fish of different ages (3, 7, 13, and 19 months). The resting cortisol values among tanks with the same age fish differed significantly but there was no clear effect of age. Our study is the first to report the response and recovery of cortisol after net handling for laboratory-reared zebrafish.

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Identification of plasma glucocorticoids in pallid sturgeon in response to stress

Cited by 52 publications

References 21 publications

The effect of temperature and substrate on the development of the cortisol stress response in the lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, Rafinesque (1817)

The effect of temperature and substrate on the development of the cortisol stress response in the lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, Rafinesque (1817)

Measuring stress in wildlife: techniques for quantifying glucocorticoids

Whole-body cortisol response of zebrafish to acute net handling stress

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