Identification of Pigment Cell Antigens Defined by Vitiligo Antibodies

Cui, Jian; Harning, Ronald; Henn, Milagros; Bystryn, Jean‐Claude

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12555773

Cited by 106 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In vitiligo, there are several hypotheses to explain the loss of melanocytes, including the concept that vitiligo is an autoimmune response by anti-melanocyte antibodies [71] or is mediated by T-cells [72], or is an autocytotoxic response by melanin precursors [73], as well as being a genetic disease [74].…”

Section: Induction Of Hypopigmentation -Specific Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifying skin pigmentation – approaches through intrinsic biochemistry and exogenous agents

Brenner

Hearing

2008

Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms

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Rates of skin cancer continue to increase despite the improved use of traditional sunscreens to minimize damage from ultraviolet radiation. The public perception of tanned skin as being healthy and desirable, combined with the rising demand for treatments to repair irregular skin pigmentation and the desire to increase or decrease constitutive skin pigmentation, arouses great interest pharmaceutically as well as cosmeceutically. This review discusses the intrinsic biochemistry of pigmentation, details mechanisms that lead to increased or decreased skin pigmentation, and summarizes established and potential hyper-and hypo-pigmenting agents and their modes of action.

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Section: Induction Of Hypopigmentation -Specific Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifying skin pigmentation – approaches through intrinsic biochemistry and exogenous agents

Brenner

Hearing

2008

Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms

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“…These vitiligo antibodies have been demonstrated by several investigators using different techniques, which include indirect immunofluorescence, 4 immunoprecipitation, 1 whole-cell ELISA, 7 complementmediated cytolysis, 8 and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. 9 They react in part to antigens of 90, 75, and 40 to 45 kd that are expressed on the external cell surface of melanocytes 24 and have been denominated VIT 90, VIT 75, and VIT 40, respectively.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitiligo Antibodies Are Not Directed to Tyrosinase

Xie

Chen²,

Jiao³

et al. 1999

Arch Dermatol

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Background: Patients with vitiligo have a markedly increased incidence of antibodies to melanocytes, referred to as vitiligo antibodies. Antibodies to tyrosinase have been reported in some patients with vitiligo, suggesting that vitiligo antibodies may be directed to this enzyme. However, there is considerable controversy as to the frequency with which these antibodies occur, and, hence, about their relevance to the pathogenesis of vitiligo. The frequency with which antityrosinase antibodies occur in vitiligo is critical to evaluate their potential role in the pathogenesis of this disease.Objective: To examine the prevalence of antibodies to tyrosinase in a large group of patients with vitiligo. Design:We examined the incidence of antibodies to enzymatically and immunologically active tyrosinase in patients with and without vitiligo.Setting: Outpatient clinic in referral center. Patients:The study was conducted on serum samples obtained from 54 patients with active (n = 40) and inac-tive (n = 14) uncomplicated vitiligo and from 52 age-and sex-matched individuals without vitiligo.Main Outcome Measure: Presence in the serum of antibodies to enzymatically and/or immunologically active tyrosinase.Results: By immunoblotting, 20 patients (50%) with active vitiligo, 9 of those (64.3%) with inactive vitiligo, and 29 control individuals (55.8%) had antibodies to an antigen that comigrated with tyrosinase. However, by immunoprecipitation DOPA stain and by sandwich enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, none of the vitiligo or control individuals had antibodies to tyrosinase, even though both assays easily detected control antityrosinase antibodies. Conclusion:These results indicate that while antibodies to an antigen(s) that comigrates with tyrosinase are common in patients with or without vitiligo, vitiligo antibodies are not directed to tyrosinase.

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“…Its etiological factors include the contribution of a genetic predisposition, the nervous system, autoimmunity, and oxidative stress. [1][2][3][4] A convergence theory combining all these pathogenetic hypotheses has also been suggested. 5 In the majority of patients with vitiligo, the diagnosis is established by direct clinical inspection followed by examination of the depigmented areas under Wood light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathologic Features in Vitiligo

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Kang³

et al. 2008

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

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Nevus depigmentosus is a congenital disorder characterized by a nonprogressive hypopigmented lesion, which may not be apparent at birth. Thus, it is sometimes difficult to differentiate vitiligo from nevus depigmentosus only by clinical features. We postulated that the histologic changes in lesional and perilesional skin might be different in the 2 conditions. We took biopsies from both lesional and perilesional skin of 100 cases of vitiligo to assess the number of melanocytes, the amount of melanin, dermal inflammatory infiltrate, and other changes. We compared them with 30 cases of nevus depigmentosus. Histologically, lesions of vitiligo showed more basal hypopigmentation and dermal inflammation than perilesional normal skin. With Fontana-Masson staining, 16% of cases of vitiligo showed the presence of melanin. The ratio of pigmented area to epidermal area was 0.06% in vitiligo, whereas 17% in perilesional normal skin and 8.9% in nevus depigmentosus. In NKI/beteb staining, 12% of vitiligo showed the presence of melanocytes, and their average number was 7.68 per square millimeter. The number of melanocytes was also decreased in nevus depigmentosus but not as much as in vitiligo. We also confirmed the presence of melanocytes in 1 of 3 cases of vitiligo by electron microscopy. In conclusion, there are a few melanocytes and melanin in some cases of vitiligo. Therefore, the diagnosis of vitiligo should be made considering these points.

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Identification of Pigment Cell Antigens Defined by Vitiligo Antibodies

Cited by 106 publications

References 8 publications

Modifying skin pigmentation – approaches through intrinsic biochemistry and exogenous agents

Modifying skin pigmentation – approaches through intrinsic biochemistry and exogenous agents

Vitiligo Antibodies Are Not Directed to Tyrosinase

Histopathologic Features in Vitiligo

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