Identification of Phenolic Compounds from Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaeaL.), Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillusL.) and Hybrid Bilberry (Vaccinium x intermediumRuthe L.) Leaves

Abstract

Phenolic compounds from leaves of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), and the natural hybrid of bilberry and lingonberry (Vaccinium x intermedium Ruthe L., hybrid bilberry) were identified using LC/TOF-MS and LC/MS/MS after extraction from the plant material in methanol in an ultrasonicator. The phenolic profiles in the plants were compared using the LC/TOF-MS responses. This is the first thorough report of phenolic compounds in hybrid bilberry. In total, 51 different phenolic compounds were identified, including flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins, flavonols and their glycosides, and various phenolic acid conjugates. Of the identified compounds, 35 were detected in bilberry, 36 in lingonberry, and 46 in the hybrid. To our knowledge, seven compounds were previously unreported in Vaccinium genus and many of the compounds are reported for the first time from bilberry and lingonberry.

Genetic patterns in range-edge populations of <i>Vaccinium</i> species from the central Balkans: implications on conservation prospects and sustainable usage

“…individual M34 from Vm4 -V. myrtillus; U74 from Vu3, and all four individuals from individuals I103,. It is worth mentioning that interspecific hybridisation between V. myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea has been observed previously (Hokkanen et al 2009), while hybridisation between V. uliginosum and V. vitis-idaea has not been reported to date. The latter hybridisation and potential production of a fertile offspring, however, would not be hampered by ploidy levels since both V. uliginosum from the Balkans (Eidesen et al 2007) andV.…”

Anthocyanins and Flavonoids of Vaccinium L.

“…Compounds cyaniding-5-Oglucoside (13) and cyaniding-3,5-O-diglucoside (14) have been reported from V. myrtillus containing a 5-glucoside and 3,5-diglucosides respectively. Eight disaccharides cyanidin 3-O-gentiobioside (15), 3-O-sambutioside of cyanidin (16), peonidin (22), delphinidin (28), petunidin (34) and malvidin (40), petunidin 3-O-rutinoside (35) and malvidin (41), and three trisaccharides cyanidin 3-O-(6"-O-2-rhamnopyranpsyl-2"-O--xylopranosyl--glucopyranoside) (17), peonidin (23), and delphinidin (29) have been found previously in the genus Vaccinium [24]. It is somewhat ironic that the blueberry contains much cyanidin compound, as cyanidin is usually associated with red flowers [94].…”

“…However, petunidin (5) and Malvidin (6), and their glycosides (30-35 and 36-41, respectively) are reported in subgenus Vaccinium only, some non glucoside and galactoside may restrict to specific species [24]. [69,77] V. angustifolium (fruit) [29] V. virgatum = V. ashei (fruit) [20] V. corymbosum (fruit) [18,46,95] V. covilleanum (fruit) [37] V. myrtillus (fruit) [21,43,45,46] V. membranaceum (fruit) [96] V. padifolium (fruit) [24] V. ovatum (fruit) [96] V. uliginosum (fruit) [33] V. vitis-idaea (fruit) [31,38,42] V. intermedium (fruit) [48] V. meridionale (fruit) [47] V. oxycoccus L. (fruit) [36] V. stamineum L. (fruit) [30] 10 Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside V. macrocarpon (fruit) [69,77] V. angustifolium (fruit) [29] V. virgatum = V. ashei (fruit) [20] V. corymbosum (fruit) [18,46,95] V. covilleanum (fruit) [37] V. myrtillus (fruit) [17,21] V. membranaceum (fruit) [96] V. padifolium (fruit) [24] V. ovatum (fruit) [96] V. uliginosum (fruit) [33] V. vitis-idaea (fruit) [31,39] V. intermedium (fruit) [22,…”

Screening Study on Antioxidant Activity of Plants Grown Wildly in Mongolia

“…However, Hokkanen et al (2009), Ek et al (2006), and Szakiel et al (2012 characterized 36 and 22 phenolic compounds, and 18 triterpenoids from LGB leaves, respectively.…”