Identification of partially occluded map symbols

Korpi, Jari; Haybatollahi, Mohammad; Ahonen-Rainio, Paula

doi:10.14714/cp76.59

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition, the authors recommend using the Leaflet Cluster Markers plugin for large data sets (https://github.com/Leaflet/Leaflet.markercluster, accessed on 19 April 2023). Such a solution is user-friendly by reducing the number of objects and eliminating the occlusion effect [53].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Thematic Map as a Means of Documenting and Visualizing Information about Cultural Heritage Objects

Horbiński

Smaczyński

2023

IJGI

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Technological progress in recent decades has made it possible to develop the process of documentation and visualization of cultural heritage objects. Despite numerous studies dealing with the documentation of cultural heritage objects, no standardized research methodology has yet been developed in this field. The interest of many specialists from different fields carrying out different work related to the documentation of cultural heritage objects has resulted in a large amount of data, which causes problems in its processing and visualization. As a rule, researchers focus on one method of data collection and, consequently, on one type of data visualization. The documentation of cultural heritage is very important. Therefore, the authors of this article have aimed to develop a methodological data collection process for the documentation and visualization of information about cultural heritage objects. This is particularly important in light of the development of new methods of measuring and inventorying cultural heritage objects, such as laser scanning or low-level aerial photogrammetry. The authors recognize the need to systematize the methodology of collecting and processing data on cultural heritage objects. In addition, it is critical to develop a methodology for visualizing the acquired data using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology. One of the most important assumptions of the article is to have universally understandable information about the object. The type of documentation and visualization of information developed in the article will be an interactive thematic map (using Leaflet.js and Three.js). Such a map will allow to collect and visualize all kinds of data, from attribute data to 3D models.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Thematic Map as a Means of Documenting and Visualizing Information about Cultural Heritage Objects

Horbiński

Smaczyński

2023

IJGI

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“…Usually, video games employ symbols presented by pictography to inform users about the game. As Korpi et al (2013) note, such symbols can be interpreted correctly without prior learning or using the legend. Thus, the authors of the article decided to employ the set of 12 symbols (Fig.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of multiple visual search studies Wolf and Horowitz (2004) classified visual attributes according to their ability to direct attention, including colour, size, orientation, and motion in the best, "undoubted" category. They included such variables as shape in the second best, "probable" category (Korpi et al 2013).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Map Symbols in Video Games: the Example of “Valheim”

Horbiński

Zagata

2021

KN J. Cartogr. Geogr. Inf.

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The main focus of this article is to examine the interpretation of twelve cartographic symbols on the map in Valheim. The authors set the research goal: to investigate how players and non-players interpret the symbols. The Valheim video game, which was released in 2021, is a survival game set in an open world. The authors noticed that game developers did not provide a direct explanation of the map symbols used, which could result in a different interpretation and experience of the game. The authors adopted a survey on the LimeSurvey platform as research methodology. This survey tool was used to gather information on experiences and interpretations of map symbols among a diverse group of respondents. Using online forums allowed one to disseminate the survey to a large audience of players from all over the world. Then, using the categorisation method for individual questions, a large database of respondents’ answers was created. Through the analysis, the authors checked the interpretation of symbols and presented the results in the form of graphs. Then, using statistical tests, they analysed the relationship between individual symbols. The study reveals that there are intergroup differences in responses to symbols directly related to the game. With more complicated symbols that did not emphasise an unambiguous answer, both groups of respondents had a problem with indicating the meaning of the symbol. For future research, it is worth continuing research on the interpretation of various map symbols not only in games, but also in all cartographic products.

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“…The occlusion of visual items in 2D data visualization techniques is an old problem that has been observed in many studies presented in the literature [1][2][3]. The occlusion issue is generally exacerbated due to the visual space available to present the data and the amount of data to be displayed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Impact of Different Partial Overlap Levels on the Perception of Visual Variables for Categorical Data

et al. 2023

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The overlap of visual items in data visualization techniques is a known problem aggravated by data volume and available visual space issues. Several methods have been applied to mitigate occlusion in data visualizations, such as random jitter, transparency, layout reconfiguration, focus+context techniques, etc. This paper aims to present a comparative study of the reading of visual variables values with partial overlap. The study focuses on categorical data representations varying the percentage limits of partial overlap and the number of distinct values for each visual variable: hue, lightness, saturation, shape, text, orientation, and texture. A computational application generated random scenarios for a unique visual pattern target to perform location tasks. Each scenario involved presentation of the visual items in a grid layout with 160 elements (10 × 16), each visual variable had from three to five distinct values encoded, and the partial overlap percentages applied, represented by a gray square in the center of each grid element, were 0% (control), 50%, 60%, and 70%. Similar to the preliminary tests, the tests conducted in this study involved 48 participants organized into four groups, with 126 tasks per participant, and the application captured the response and time for each task performed. The results analysis indicated that the hue, lightness, and shape visual variables were robust to high percentages of occlusion and gradual increase in encoded visual values. The text visual variable showed promising results for accuracy, and the resolution time was a little higher than for the last visual variables mentioned. In contrast, the texture visual variable presented lower accuracy to high levels of occlusion and more different visual encoding values. Finally, the orientation and saturation visual variables exhibited the highest error and worst perfomance rates during the tests.

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Identification of partially occluded map symbols

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Interactive Thematic Map as a Means of Documenting and Visualizing Information about Cultural Heritage Objects

Interactive Thematic Map as a Means of Documenting and Visualizing Information about Cultural Heritage Objects

Map Symbols in Video Games: the Example of “Valheim”

Investigating the Impact of Different Partial Overlap Levels on the Perception of Visual Variables for Categorical Data

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