“…Regarding the improvement for resistance to phoma spot and black spot, the study is concentrated on two types of studies: a) introduction, evaluation, and disclosure of resistant accesses (Dianese et al, 2007;Vivas et al , 2010a;2012b;Poltronieri et al, 2019); and b) evaluation of combinatorial capacity and selection of families or superior hybrids (Vivas et al, 2011;2012a;2013a, b, c;2014a, b, c;2016;Poltronieri et al, 2017;Moreira et al, 2018;Pirovani et al, 2018;Moraes et al, 2019).…”