Identification of NR and EPDM Samples by Means of Thermogravimetric Analysis and Multivariate Methods

Ruiz, Jordi-Roger Riba; Parelló, Trini Canals; Gomez, Rosa Cantero

doi:10.1109/jsen.2016.2603172

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The initial weight loss is mainly attributed to the decomposition and evolution of thermally volatile components such as processing oil and related ingredients. The later weight loss is a result of enhanced polymer decomposition, while the decomposition of black fillers occurs at higher temperatures 25,34 . Notably, sulfur‐cured composites C and D exhibited a higher rate of weight loss at lower temperatures compared to peroxide‐cured composites E, F, G, and H due to the early decomposition of the sulfur‐cured composites at lower temperatures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The later weight loss is a result of enhanced polymer decomposition, while the decomposition of black fillers occurs at higher temperatures. 25,34 Notably, sulfur-cured composites C and D exhibited a higher rate of weight loss at lower temperatures compared to peroxide-cured composites E, F, G, and H due to the early decomposition of the sulfur-cured composites at lower temperatures. The degradation temperatures of different components of the EPDM composites are available in the earlier study by Sanches et al 2 Since the heat required to break thermally stable C C bonds in peroxide-cured composites is higher than that needed to break the thermally labile S S bonds in the sulfur-cured system, the peroxide-cured composites show a sharp weight loss at considerably higher temperatures, ranging from 430 to 490 C. A $55% weight loss was observed for composite E with a 50 C temperature increase, starting from 440 to 490 C. 35 Figure 3 demonstrates that the degradation curve of all four peroxide-cured composites-E, F, G, and H-is similar, except for the percentage weight remaining after 490 C. This variation in the percentage weight remaining after 490 C is primarily due to differences in carbon filler contents, with the highest in composite E (31%) and the lowest in composite H (24%).…”

Section: Thermal Property Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Construction of a rough surface in EPDM/CB composite through peroxide curing: A mechanism for optimizing physico‐mechanical properties in automotive paint‐compatible applications

Buhari,

Vinayak,

Rhee

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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This study investigates the profound impact of vulcanization methods on ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) composites, with a particular focus on elucidating significant findings and achievements. Exploring eight composites, including sulfur and peroxide‐cured variations, we conducted an in‐depth evaluation of the crucial physico‐mechanical properties of the composites. The study extends to encompass the effects of vulcanization on heat aging parameters, providing a comprehensive understanding of the materials' resilience. Utilizing thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, our research delves into the processes, revealing critical insights into the thermal behavior and composition of the composites. Paint compatibility, a pivotal aspect in automotive applications, was rigorously examined through four different test methods. Surface morphology, investigated through scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, yielded valuable findings on the role of vulcanization in shaping surface roughness and enhancing paint compatibility. Additionally, the quantitative measurement of surface energy using the sessile drop method provided a deeper understanding of the adhesion properties. The findings distinctly underscore the superiority of peroxide‐cured composites, marking a significant stride toward their potential to revolutionize automotive applications. This research not only contributes to the knowledge base but also sets a foundation for advancements in EPDM composite materials, positioning them as key players in driving innovation within the automotive industry.Highlights Developed a peroxide‐cured EPDM rubber composite with a rough surface. A rough surface is more paint‐compatible than a smooth surface. The roughness of peroxide‐cured EPDM is greater than that of sulfur‐cured one. Peroxide curing introduces more polar functional groups and cross‐links. Peroxide‐cured EPDM has higher thermal stability than sulfur‐cured EPDM.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Thermal Property Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of a rough surface in EPDM/CB composite through peroxide curing: A mechanism for optimizing physico‐mechanical properties in automotive paint‐compatible applications

Buhari,

Vinayak,

Rhee

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…The resin crosslinking of the rubbers by forming the C‐C linkages between the chains might have increased the thermal stability of the compound compared to the raw rubber 41 . Ruiz reported a similar comparison property for the NR and ethylene propylene diene rubber‐based uncured and cured compounds, respectively 43 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…41 Ruiz reported a similar comparison property for the NR and ethylene propylene diene rubber-based uncured and cured compounds, respectively. 43…”

Section: Thermal Stability Of the Resin-cured Compoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of biophenol‐furfural based bioresin for curing of styrene butadiene rubber

Koley

Chattopadhyay

Bhowmick

2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In the present work, biophenol and furfural‐based resol resin was synthesized and utilized for the very first time to cure styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). The reaction was studied over a range of times, temperatures, pH, and furfural to biophenol ratios to fix the optimum conditions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed the functional groups and chemical structure of the synthesized resin, respectively. An exothermic peak for the resin curing appeared at 143°C in the differential scanning calorimetry thermogram of the resin. Then, the biophenol‐furfural resin was utilized for the curing of SBR. The synthesized resin increased the tensile strength of the raw rubber from 0.20 ± 0.01 MPa to 1.22 ± 0.10 MPa at 10 phr loading, and the crosslink density was 2.56 × 10−5 mol/mL. The activation energy for curing SBR containing 10 phr resin was 97 kJ/mol. The storage modulus of the resin‐cured compound was improved. The glass transition temperature of the raw SBR was also shifted from −43.8 to −42.3°C when 10 phr resin was used for the curing. Hence, for the first time, this work reported the utilization of biophenol‐biosourced furfural resin to cure rubbers.

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“…Finally, kNN assigns the unknown incoming sample to the most voted class [52]. Although the technical literature has explored different values of the parameter k, values of k in the range 3-6 are often applied [38,53,54]. kNN generates as many outputs as classes defined in the problem, which are normalized in the 0-1 range, indicating the membership level to each class of the incoming samples.…”

Section: Multivariate Data Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of natural rubber samples for high-voltage insulation applications

Riba

González

Canals

et al. 2019

Computers & Chemical Engineering

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Identification of NR and EPDM Samples by Means of Thermogravimetric Analysis and Multivariate Methods

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Construction of a rough surface in EPDM/CB composite through peroxide curing: A mechanism for optimizing physico‐mechanical properties in automotive paint‐compatible applications

Construction of a rough surface in EPDM/CB composite through peroxide curing: A mechanism for optimizing physico‐mechanical properties in automotive paint‐compatible applications

Synthesis and properties of biophenol‐furfural based bioresin for curing of styrene butadiene rubber

Identification of natural rubber samples for high-voltage insulation applications

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