Identification of Novel Rodent-Borne Orthohantaviruses in an Endemic Area of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka

Muthusinghe, Devinda S.; Shimizu, Kenta; Lokupathirage, Sithumini M. W.; Wei, Zhouoxing; Sarathkumara, Yomani D.; Fonseka, G. R. A.; Senarathne, P.; Koizumi, Nobuo; Kawakami, Toru; Wickramasinghe, C. D.; Ebihara, Hideki; Matsuno, Keita; Tsuda, Yuichi; Arikawa, Jiro; Gamage, Chandika D.; Yoshimatsu, Kumiko

doi:10.3390/v13101984

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Serological evidence of Hantaan, Seoul and Puumala-like and Thailand-like viruses in humans were reported before in different parts of the country, and our data shows a similar pattern (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Recently, novel mouse-borne and rat-borne orthohantavirus species and their resovoirs were identified in the country (13).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 85%

Hantavirus Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome - Suspected Cases in Sri Lanka: Clinical Picture and Epidemiology from 2013–2021

et al. 2022

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Hantavirus; Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an emerging zoonotic disease in Euro-Asia which is clinically indistinguishable from leptospirosis. A total number of 1032 patients were included in the analysis from March 2013 to March 2021 with the clinical suspicion of HFRS-like illness. Of them, 168 patients were positive for hantavirus IgM antibodies. Thirty-one patients out of 35 patients had given a four-fold rise IgG antibody titre with paired serum confirming the acute hantavirus infections. Detected antibodies showed a diverse pattern, strongly cross-reacting with Seoul, Hantaan and Puumala virus antigens. All the IgM positive patients had no serological evidence of acute dengue or leptospirosis and had classical features of HFRS; fever, thrombocytopenia and renal involvement. More than 90% of patients had a history of rodent exposure 2-3 weeks prior to the onset of the fever. The highest number of positive cases were diagnosed from the Western and North-Central Provinces of Sri Lanka during the paddy harvesting seasons. A significant number of patients had developed severe complications with a high mortality rate. Therefore, hantavirus infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis for leptospirosis-like illness in Sri Lanka.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 85%

Hantavirus Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome - Suspected Cases in Sri Lanka: Clinical Picture and Epidemiology from 2013–2021

et al. 2022

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“…These segments are referred to as large (L), medium (M), and small (S) genome segments. The L segment encodes an L-protein, the M segment encodes a glycoprotein precursor called GPC, which consists of two envelope glycoproteins (Gn and Gc) and the S segment encodes a nucleocapsid protein (N) (Muthusinghe et al 2021). A total of 76 strains and 70 isolates from nine rodent species, one bird species, blood samples of patients with HFRS, and sectional materials from deceased HFRS patients were isolated and identified.…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hanta Virus: An Emerging Threat for Public Health

2023

IJAB

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Hantavirus infection, a pervasive zoonosis exacerbated by global warming, intense rainfall, and flooding, poses a substantial public health threat, with an annual incidence of 150,000-200,000 cases globally. Influenced by climate change, the transmission dynamics of hantavirus are intricately linked to the population densities of its reservoir host, rodents, which constitute 42% of mammalian biodiversity. With 28 known hantaviruses causing severe diseases in humans, the infections range from renal dysfunction to pulmonary and cardiac syndromes, resulting in high mortality rates. The etiology involves enveloped RNA viruses belonging to the Bunyavirales order, with distinct genotypes and species identified. Human infections primarily occur through inhaling particles contaminated with rodent excreta or secretions. Epidemiologically, Hantavirus outbreaks have been documented globally, with varying prevalence and dominant strains. Pathogenesis involves the compromise of endothelial barrier integrity, leading to severe organ damage. The transmission, influenced by climate change, occurs through rodents as intermediate hosts, with a potential for limited person-to-person transmission. Clinical manifestations encompass Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HCPS), exhibiting diverse symptoms and severity. Managing severe cases relies on supportive care, with no specific antiviral treatment approved. Prevention involves rodent control measures, thorough cleaning, and protective measures during potential exposure. Vaccines against Hantavirus are essential for high-risk populations. Ongoing research explores antiviral agents, DNA-based vaccines, and immunotherapies as potential treatments. Comprehensive prevention and control strategies are imperative to mitigate the global impact of hantavirus infections.

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“…Apart from two previous reports on orthohantavirus infection in rodents in Sri Lanka [1,30], there are no studies carried out to identify rodent and other small mammal species harbouring orthohantavirus strains in Sri Lanka. Therefore, the identification of the rodent reservoir is of vital importance for the prevention and control of human hantavirus infections in Sri Lanka.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of orthohantavirus and leptospira infections in small mammals in an endemic area of Gampaha district in Sri Lanka

et al. 2022

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Background Orthohantaviruses and leptospira are emerging zoonotic pathogens of high public health significance. The epidemiology of orthohantavirus infections and leptospirosis is similar and presents related clinical pictures in humans. However, a paucity of data on actual reservoir hosts for orthohantaviruses and leptospira exists. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the occurrence of orthohantaviruses and leptospira in small mammals captured in an endemic region of Sri Lanka. Methods Rodents and shrews were morphologically and/or genetically identified using morphological keys and DNA barcoding techniques targeting the cytochrome oxidase b subunit gene (Cytb). Lung tissues and sera were subsequently analyzed for the presence of orthohantavirus RNA using qRT-PCR. Sera of rats were tested for IgG antibodies against orthohantaviruses and leptospira. Results Forty-three (43) small mammals representing: Rattus (R.) rattus (black rat) or R. tanezumi (Asian rat), Suncus murinus (Asian house shrew), R. norvegicus (brown rat) and Mus musculus (house mouse) were investigated. No orthohantavirus RNA was detected from the lung tissue or serum samples of these animals. Elevated levels of IgG antibodies against Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) and/or Seoul orthohantavirus (SEOV) antigens were detected in sera of 28 (72%) out of the 39 rats analysed. Interestingly, 36 (92%) of the 39 rats also showed presence of anti leptospira-IgG antibodies in their serum, representing dual infection or dual exposure in 26/39 (66.7%) of examined rats. Conclusions This project targets important public health questions concerning the occupational risk of orthohantavirus infections and/or leptospirosis in an endemic region of Sri Lanka. Most rats (72%) in our study displayed antibodies reacting to orthohantavirus NP antigens, related to PUUV and/or SEOV. No correlation between the orthohantavirus and leptospira IgG antibody levels were noticed. Finally, a combination of both morphological and DNA barcoding approaches revealed that several species of rats may play a role in the maintenance and transmission of orthohantavirus and leptospira in Sri Lanka.

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Identification of Novel Rodent-Borne Orthohantaviruses in an Endemic Area of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Hantavirus Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome - Suspected Cases in Sri Lanka: Clinical Picture and Epidemiology from 2013–2021

Hantavirus Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome - Suspected Cases in Sri Lanka: Clinical Picture and Epidemiology from 2013–2021

Hanta Virus: An Emerging Threat for Public Health

Evidence of orthohantavirus and leptospira infections in small mammals in an endemic area of Gampaha district in Sri Lanka

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