Identification of novel Cryptosporidium genotypes in kangaroos from Western Australia

Yang, Rongchang; Fenwick, Stanley G.; Potter, Abbey; Ng, Josephine; Ryan, Una

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.02.011

Cited by 25 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Our estimate of prevalence of Giardia in wild Tasmanian devils (24.1%) is higher than prevalence estimates for mainland Australian marsupials (range 1.3–13.8%) [8, 13, 15, 16], but sits within the range of prevalence estimates for Tasmanian marsupials (6.25–61.5%) [46]. Our 24.1% prevalence estimate for wild devils was also higher than previous prevalence estimates of Giardia in devils of 8.3% ( n = 12) [24] and 6.0% ( n = 32) [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…This study found a 45.1% prevalence of Cryptosporidium in wild Tasmanian devils. This value is higher than prevalence estimates of Cryptosporidium in other Australian marsupials, which range from 6.7% to 12.2% [6, 8–11]. Screening at secondary loci resulted in low detection, with only two samples successfully amplified at the actin locus, and no samples amplified at the gp60 locus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…macropodum , have been characterized from Australian marsupials, and multiple genotypes have also been found [5–9]. Estimates of the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in populations of Australian marsupials range from 6.7% to 12.2% [6, 8–11]. Differences in prevalence have been noted within populations during different seasons [10], and higher prevalence rates have been reported in populations from urbanised or agricultural settings [6, 11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…peramelis , in the quenda ( Isoodon obsulus ) [14]. Estimates of the prevalence of Giardia in Australian marsupials range from 1.3% to 13.8% [8, 13, 15, 16]. No significant differences in the prevalence of Giardia have been found between captive and wild marsupial populations studied to date [12, 13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii)

et al. 2017

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The Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) is a carnivorous marsupial found only in the wild in Tasmania, Australia. Tasmanian devils are classified as endangered and are currently threatened by devil facial tumour disease, a lethal transmissible cancer that has decimated the wild population in Tasmania. To prevent extinction of Tasmanian devils, conservation management was implemented in 2003 under the Save the Tasmanian Devil Program. This study aimed to assess if conservation management was altering the interactions between Tasmanian devils and their parasites. Molecular tools were used to investigate the prevalence and diversity of two protozoan parasites, Cryptosporidium and Giardia, in Tasmanian devils. A comparison of parasite prevalence between wild and captive Tasmanian devils showed that both Cryptosporidium and Giardia were significantly more prevalent in wild devils (p < 0.05); Cryptosporidium was identified in 37.9% of wild devils but only 10.7% of captive devils, while Giardia was identified in 24.1% of wild devils but only 0.82% of captive devils. Molecular analysis identified the presence of novel genotypes of both Cryptosporidium and Giardia. The novel Cryptosporidium genotype was 98.1% similar at the 18S rDNA to Cryptosporidium varanii (syn. C. saurophilum) with additional samples identified as C. fayeri, C. muris, and C. galli. Two novel Giardia genotypes, TD genotype 1 and TD genotype 2, were similar to G. duodenalis from dogs (94.4%) and a Giardia assemblage A isolate from humans (86.9%). Giardia duodenalis BIV, a zoonotic genotype of Giardia, was also identified in a single captive Tasmanian devil. These findings suggest that conservation management may be altering host-parasite interactions in the Tasmanian devil, and the presence of G. duodenalis BIV in a captive devil points to possible human-devil parasite transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii)

et al. 2017

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“…scrofarum , and C . andersoni [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23]. To date, in humans in Australia, C .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Species in Animals Inhabiting Sydney Water Catchments

et al. 2016

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Cryptosporidium is one of the most common zoonotic waterborne parasitic diseases worldwide and represents a major public health concern of water utilities in developed nations. As animals in catchments can shed human-infectious Cryptosporidium oocysts, determining the potential role of animals in dissemination of zoonotic Cryptosporidium to drinking water sources is crucial. In the present study, a total of 952 animal faecal samples from four dominant species (kangaroos, rabbits, cattle and sheep) inhabiting Sydney’s drinking water catchments were screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium using a quantitative PCR (qPCR) and positives sequenced at multiple loci. Cryptosporidium species were detected in 3.6% (21/576) of kangaroos, 7.0% (10/142) of cattle, 2.3% (3/128) of sheep and 13.2% (14/106) of rabbit samples screened. Sequence analysis of a region of the 18S rRNA locus identified C. macropodum and C. hominis in 4 and 17 isolates from kangaroos respectively, C. hominis and C. parvum in 6 and 4 isolates respectively each from cattle, C. ubiquitum in 3 isolates from sheep and C. cuniculus in 14 isolates from rabbits. All the Cryptosporidium species identified were zoonotic species with the exception of C. macropodum. Subtyping using the 5’ half of gp60 identified C. hominis IbA10G2 (n = 12) and IdA15G1 (n = 2) in kangaroo faecal samples; C. hominis IbA10G2 (n = 4) and C. parvum IIaA18G3R1 (n = 4) in cattle faecal samples, C. ubiquitum subtype XIIa (n = 1) in sheep and C. cuniculus VbA23 (n = 9) in rabbits. Additional analysis of a subset of samples using primers targeting conserved regions of the MIC1 gene and the 3’ end of gp60 suggests that the C. hominis detected in these animals represent substantial variants that failed to amplify as expected. The significance of this finding requires further investigation but might be reflective of the ability of this C. hominis variant to infect animals. The finding of zoonotic Cryptosporidium species in these animals may have important implications for the management of drinking water catchments to minimize risk to public health.

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Taxonomy and Molecular Taxonomy

Ryan

Xiao

2013

Cryptosporidium: Parasite and Disease

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Identification of novel Cryptosporidium genotypes in kangaroos from Western Australia

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii)

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii)

Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Species in Animals Inhabiting Sydney Water Catchments

Taxonomy and Molecular Taxonomy

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