Identification of Nicotine by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy Analysis of Smoking Pipe Residue

Rafferty, Sean M.

doi:10.1006/jasc.2001.0747

Cited by 67 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This change is evident by a marked significant increase in the number of papers using archaeological residue analysis (e.g., Evershed et al, 1994Evershed et al, , 1997Evershed et al, , 2003Charters et al, 1997;Malainey et al, 1999c;Mottram et al, 1999;Stott et al, 1999;Eerkens, 2002Eerkens, , 2005Maniatis and Tsirtsoni, 2002;Rafferty, 2002;Stauffer et al, 2005;Stauffer 2006). In spite of numerous complications associated with extraction and identification, these studies have demonstrated that a variety of compounds, including fatty acids, waxes, sterols, resins, tars, pitches and amino acids, are aptly preserved in prehistoric shreds and can be used to indicate the source of stone tools or ports (Christie et al, 1993;Eerkens, 2005).…”

Section: Fatty Acids Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Examination of prehistoric artifacts via fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) techniques using modern environmental stewardship

Koirala

Rosentreter

2009

Journal of Archaeological Science

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Section: Fatty Acids Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Examination of prehistoric artifacts via fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) techniques using modern environmental stewardship

Koirala

Rosentreter

2009

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…), in dental calculus. Because nicotine is relatively stable and can survive over archaeological time scales (Rafferty, 2002(Rafferty, , 2006Rafferty et al, 2012;Tushingham et al, 2013), and is typically introduced to the body via the mouth, we hypothesized that it may preserve in dental calculus. Tracing the ancient spread of tobacco in the Americas has traditionally relied on the presence of pipes and/or charred tobacco seeds (e.g., Adair, 2000;Adams and Toll, 2000;Carrasco et al, 2015;Echeverría et al, 2014;Gili et al, 2017;Haberman, 1984;Pauketat et al, 2002;Wagner, 2000;papers in Bollwerk andTushingham, 2016, Rafferty andMann, 2004), and more rarely preserved leaves, and/or quids (e.g., Adams et al, 2015;Fewkes, 1912:143;Jones, 1935;Morris, 1960) andpollen (e.g., Cummings, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While some have suggested that tobacco use was late, appearing in southeast North America only around 1000 CE, and as late as the historic period in the American southwest (Ford, 1981), more recent work suggests a much greater antiquity. Data from eastern and southwestern North America suggests use of tobacco by 2000-3000 years ago, though the particular species of tobacco is not known (Adams, 1990;Haberman, 1984;Pauketat et al, 2002;Rafferty, 2002Rafferty, , 2006Rafferty et al, 2012;Winter, 2000a). As well, there seems to be consensus that Nicotiana rustica reached the Eastern USA and Canada from South America by 3000 and 2000 years ago.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental calculus as a source of ancient alkaloids: Detection of nicotine by LC-MS in calculus samples from the Americas

Eerkens

Tushingham

Brownstein

et al. 2018

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

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A B S T R A C TDental calculus has been shown to be a repository of a variety of exogenous organic materials, including bacterial DNA, proteins, phytoliths, and starch grains. Here we show that certain alkaloids, nicotine in this case, can also be trapped and preserved in ancient dental calculus. We present Ultra-Performance Liquid ChromatographyMass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS) results of analyses of ten archaeological calculus samples from eight individuals from Central California. Two samples tested positive for the presence of nicotine, including one from an individual buried with a pipe. UPLC-MS analyses of dental calculus could provide an alternative means to trace the spread and consumption of tobacco and other plants with distinctive alkaloid products in ancient societies. As shown here for the first time in ancient samples, the ability to detect nicotine alkaloids in calculus has enormous potential to help us better understand the consumption of intoxicant plants by ancient humans on the individual level, for example by giving us the ability to test assumptions about the age, sex, and status of individual tobacco users in the past.

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“…Finally, an ideal method of analysis should be non-destructive in order to preserve the sample if other testing is required. Despite being a particularly challenging area of research, GC-MS has been employed successfully in numerous archaeological investigations including, but not limited to, the analysis of smoking pipe residue from ancient burials [6], ceramics [7], plasters [7], resins [2,5,[8][9][10], and resin additives, such as beeswax [9,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach for the Characterization of Organic Residues from Stone Tools Using GC×GC-TOFMS

et al. 2016

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Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) have traditionally been used, in combination with other analyses, for the chemical characterization of organic residues recovered from archaeological specimens. Recently in many life science fields, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCˆGC-TOFMS) has provided numerous benefits over GC-MS. This study represents the first use of HS-SPME-GCˆGC-TOFMS to characterize specimens from an experimental modern reference collection. Solvent extractions and direct analyses were performed on materials such as ivory, bone, antlers, animal tissue, human tissue, sediment, and resin. Thicker film column sets were preferred due to reduced column overloading. The samples analyzed by HS-SPME directly on a specimen appeared to give unique signatures and generally produced a higher response than for the solvent-extracted residues. A non-destructive screening approach of specimens may, therefore, be possible. Resin and beeswax mixtures prepared by heating for different lengths of time appeared to provide distinctly different volatile signatures, suggesting that GCˆGC-TOFMS may be capable of differentiating alterations to resin in future studies. Further development of GCˆGC-TOFMS methods for archaeological applications will provide a valuable tool to uncover significant information on prehistoric technological changes and cultural behavior.

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Identification of Nicotine by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy Analysis of Smoking Pipe Residue

Cited by 67 publications

References 15 publications

Examination of prehistoric artifacts via fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) techniques using modern environmental stewardship

Examination of prehistoric artifacts via fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) techniques using modern environmental stewardship

Dental calculus as a source of ancient alkaloids: Detection of nicotine by LC-MS in calculus samples from the Americas

A New Approach for the Characterization of Organic Residues from Stone Tools Using GC×GC-TOFMS

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