Identification of New Flagellar Genes of<i>Salmonella enterica</i>Serovar Typhimurium

Frye, Jonathan G.; Karlinsey, Joyce E.; Felise, Heather R.; Marzolf, Bruz; Dowidar, Naeem; McClelland, Michael; Hughes, Kelly T.

doi:10.1128/jb.188.6.2233-2243.2006

Cited by 144 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Although it has been shown that FliA affects yhjH expression in E. coli K12 and S. typhimurium strains (16,39), it was unclear whether this holds true for strain LF82. According to the reverse transcription-PCR assays, the levels of yhjH mRNA were up to 111-fold higher in LF82 than in LF82-⌬fliA (Table 3).…”

Section: Flia-dependent Control Of Genes Involved In C-di-gmp Regulatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Global transcriptional profiling in E. coli (15), S. typhimurium (16), and Yersinia enterocolitica (17,18) demonstrated that flagellar regulators FlhD 2 C 2 and FliA control numerous genes other than those involved in flagellar biogenesis. These flagellar regulators have been shown to affect the synthesis of virulence factors, directly and indirectly, such as secreted hemolysin in Proteus mirabilis (19), the type III secretion system-1 in Salmonella (20), the Lap phospholipase in Y. enterocolitica (21)(22)(23), an exoenzyme in Xenorhabdus nematophila (24,25), an invasion factor in C. jejuni (26), and factors involved in the intracellular growth of L. pneumophila in amoebas and determinants for the cytotoxicity against macrophages (27,28).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Flagellar Sigma Factor FliA Regulates Adhesion and Invasion of Crohn Disease-associated Escherichia coli via a Cyclic Dimeric GMP-dependent Pathway

Claret

Miquel

Vieille

et al. 2007

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The invasion of intestinal epithelial cells by the Crohn disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) strain LF82 depends on surface appendages, such as type 1 pili and flagella. The absence of flagella in the AIEC strain LF82 results in a concomitant loss of type 1 pili. Here, we show that flagellar regulators, transcriptional activator FlhD 2 C 2 , and sigma factor FliA are involved in the coordination of flagellar and type 1 pili synthesis. In the deletion mutants lacking these regulators, type 1 pili synthesis, adhesion, and invasion were severely decreased. FliA expressed alone in trans was sufficient to restore these defects in both the LF82-⌬flhD and LF82-⌬fliA mutants. We related the loss of type 1 pili to the decreased expression of the FliA-dependent yhjH gene in the LF82-⌬fliA mutant. YhjH is an EAL domain phosphodiesterase involved in degradation of the bacterial second messenger cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP). Increased expression of either yhjH or an alternative c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase, yahA, partially restored type 1 pili synthesis, adhesion, and invasion in the LF82-⌬fliA mutant. Deletion of the GGDEF domain diguanylate cyclase gene, yaiC, involved in c-di-GMP synthesis in the LF82-⌬fliA mutant also partially restored these defects, whereas overexpression of the c-di-GMP receptor YcgR had the opposite effect. These findings show that in the AIEC strain LF82, FliA is a key regulatory component linking flagellar and type 1 pili synthesis and that its effect on type 1 pili is mediated, at least in part, via a c-di-GMP-dependent pathway.Many virulent bacteria, including Aeromonas caviae (1), Campylobacter jejuni (2), Clostridium difficile (3), Helicobacter pylori (4), Legionella pneumophila (5), Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (6), and Vibrio cholerae (7), use flagellar motility to avoid unfavorable environments and to establish replication niches at different stages of infection. In Enterobacteriaceae, flagellar type III secretion and assembly are strictly dependent on the organization of a hierarchy that controls the sequential expression of structural and regulatory genes. In Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, the heterotetrameric transcription factor FlhD 2 C 2 (8) is positioned at the top of the flagellar expression hierarchy, where the decision to produce flagella is made (9, 10). The flhDC operon encoding FlhD 2 C 2 is transcribed from a class 1 flagellar promoter. FlhD 2 C 2 , in turn, activates 70 -dependent transcription from the class 2 flagellar promoters that drive expression of the structural subunits required for the hook-basal body structure and expression of regulatory subunits (10, 11). One of these regulatory subunits, 28 or FliA, is encoded by the fliAZ operon. FliA can associate with the core RNA polymerase to drive transcription of the class 3 flagellar genes (12). The activity of FliA depends on its interaction with the cytoplasmic anti-sigma factor FlgM, which inhibits the FliA-RNA polymerase association until completion of the hook-basal bo...

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Section: Flia-dependent Control Of Genes Involved In C-di-gmp Regulatmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Flagellar Sigma Factor FliA Regulates Adhesion and Invasion of Crohn Disease-associated Escherichia coli via a Cyclic Dimeric GMP-dependent Pathway

Claret

Miquel

Vieille

et al. 2007

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Flagellar assembly and function is a complex process, which in Salmonella typhimurium involves over 60 genes (Frye et al 2006). The construction of individual flagella requires an ordered assembly pathway (Macnab 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

The flagellar-specific transcription factor, σ²⁸, is the Type III secretion chaperone for the flagellar-specific anti-σ²⁸ factor FlgM

Aldridge¹,

Karlinsey²,

Aldridge³

et al. 2006

Genes Dev.

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107

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The bacterial flagellum is a self-assembling macromolecular machine anchored in the bacterial membrane that allows bacteria to move through liquid environments or crawl along surfaces (Macnab 1992). Flagellar assembly and function is a complex process, which in Salmonella typhimurium involves over 60 genes (Frye et al. 2006). The construction of individual flagella requires an ordered assembly pathway (Macnab 1992). The assembly process involves the secretion of individual subunits through the hollow core of the growing flagellum where they assemble at the tip of the structure. In addition, multi-flagellated bacteria can have individual flagella in the same cell at different stages of assembly (Bardy et al. 2003). Consequently, the assembly process is tightly regulated at the levels of substrate selection by the associated secretion apparatus and coupled gene regulation. This paper reports an unexpected discovery related to the current understanding of how a cell regulates flagellar gene expression in response to intermediate stages of flagellar assembly. A flagellar-specific transcription factor, 28, plays a dual role as both a regulator of gene expression and a facilitator of flagellar-specific Type III secretion.The bacterial flagellum consists of three major substructures: (1) the basal body, which acts as motor anchoring the flagellum within the cell membranes; (2) the hook, which acts as a flexible, universal joint between the basal body; and (3) the long external filament, which acts as a propeller when rotated (Berg and Anderson 1973;Macnab 1999). Self-assembly of a flagellum begins at the inner membrane and proceeds out of the cell with construction of the basal structure. A flagellar-specific Type III secretion (T3S) apparatus is assembled within the cytoplasmic membrane at the base of the basal structure (Aldridge and Hughes 2002). Individual structural subunits are then secreted from the cytoplasm into the growing flagellum by the flagellar T3S system. Efficient flagellar assembly requires that the T3S apparatus distinguish between different secretion substrates at different stages of assembly. Recent studies have shown that there is a multi-layered regulatory network in place that couples temporal expression and delivery of flagellar

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“…The genome sequence also showed a similar set of proteins other than the core signal transduction proteins, namely CheV proteins, which are not present in E. coli but are reported in B. subtilis [14], [15], H. pylori [16], [17], S. enterica [18]. These CheV proteins are the fusion proteins consisting of a N-terminal CheW-like (adaptor-like) and a C-terminal CheY-like (response regulator-like) domains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CheV1 Plays an Important Role in Chemotaxis of Vibrio Cholerae

Hiremath¹,

Nishiyama²,

Kawagishi³

2013

IJBBB

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Abstract-The complete genome sequence of V. cholerae has revealed the presence of four CheV's, namely putative CheV, CheV1, CheV2 and CheV3, along with the three chemotaxis-related signaling systems designated as System I, II and III. To determine the roles of the CheV proteins, whose genes are located outside of the che gene clusters, we examined their cellular localization and then their roles in chemotaxis. Among the four CheV's, CheV1 plays a major role in chemotaxis as observed with swarm assay and fluorescence microscopy, suggesting its involvement in System II.

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Identification of New Flagellar Genes ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium

Cited by 144 publications

References 51 publications

The Flagellar Sigma Factor FliA Regulates Adhesion and Invasion of Crohn Disease-associated Escherichia coli via a Cyclic Dimeric GMP-dependent Pathway

The Flagellar Sigma Factor FliA Regulates Adhesion and Invasion of Crohn Disease-associated Escherichia coli via a Cyclic Dimeric GMP-dependent Pathway

The flagellar-specific transcription factor, σ²⁸, is the Type III secretion chaperone for the flagellar-specific anti-σ²⁸ factor FlgM

CheV1 Plays an Important Role in Chemotaxis of Vibrio Cholerae

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Identification of New Flagellar Genes ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium

Cited by 144 publications

References 51 publications

The Flagellar Sigma Factor FliA Regulates Adhesion and Invasion of Crohn Disease-associated Escherichia coli via a Cyclic Dimeric GMP-dependent Pathway

The Flagellar Sigma Factor FliA Regulates Adhesion and Invasion of Crohn Disease-associated Escherichia coli via a Cyclic Dimeric GMP-dependent Pathway

The flagellar-specific transcription factor, σ28, is the Type III secretion chaperone for the flagellar-specific anti-σ28 factor FlgM

CheV1 Plays an Important Role in Chemotaxis of Vibrio Cholerae

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The flagellar-specific transcription factor, σ²⁸, is the Type III secretion chaperone for the flagellar-specific anti-σ²⁸ factor FlgM