Identification of Mycobacterium DNA in an Egyptian Pott's disease of 5400 years old

Crubézy, Éric; Ludes, Bertrand; Poveda, Jean-Dominique; Clayton, John; Crouau‐Roy, Brigitte; Montagnon, Daniel

doi:10.1016/s0764-4469(99)80009-2

Cited by 97 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The evolution of ORI phylogenetic lineage during hominoid speciation (34), together with the existence of the above-mentioned infectious microorganisms dating back to remote times in both continents (35)(36)(37)(38), can only lead to doubts that RA appeared in Europe after the discovery of the New World or that it is caused by new allergens or pathogens introduced by more recent environmental pollution (I, 39). Various aetiological agents could have acted on different susceptibility HLA alleles bearing the same epitopes and occurring with differentfrequencywithin populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Predisposition to Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Tuscan (Italy) Ancient Human Remain

Fontecchio

Ma²,

Azzarone³

et al. 2007

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is currently believed to have originated in America, and after the discovery of this continent in 1492, to have been exported to the Old World. We evaluated the genetic predisposition to RA in the “Braids Lady” from Arezzo (Italy), a partially mummified woman's body dating back to the end of 1500 AD which presents the anatomical and pathological features of this disease. The study of the polymorphic HLA-DRB1 locus, which includes alleles strongly associated with RA onset, has received much attention over recent years, especially the loci codifying for the DR1 and DR4 antigens, widely represented in the Mediterranean population, and for DR14, widespread among Native Americans. Molecular analysis was performed on extracts of DNA from the mummy, firstly from histological bone sections and then from the whole bone. Two different HLA typing techniques, PCR-sequence-specific oligonucleotides (PCR-SSO) and PCR-sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP), were employed to identify HLA-DRB alleles. Both genotyping methods showed that the “Braids Lady” carried the DRB1*0101 allele, the serological equivalent of the DR1 antigen. Although the possession of RA risk factor genes cannot be considered a diagnostic marker, the positive result of the Italian mummy for DRB1*0101 and the RA features present, support the idea that this pathology was present in the Old World from at least the mid-16th century. A pathogenetic hypothesis of RA which might well explain its worldwide diffusion is the “molecular mimicry”, resulting from a cross-reactive antibody response between certain microbial antigens and shared epitopes of specific HLA-DR1, DR4 and DR14 susceptibility alleles, the frequency of which varies among different ethnic groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Predisposition to Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Tuscan (Italy) Ancient Human Remain

Fontecchio

Ma²,

Azzarone³

et al. 2007

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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“…Buikstra, 1981;Klaus et al, 2010;Roberts, 2015). In the Neolithic Old World, skeletons with the infection have been reported in the Near East and North Africa (Ortner, 1979(Ortner, , 1999Strouhal, 1987;El-Najjar et al, 1997;Crubézy et al, 1998;Zias, 1998;Dabernat and Crubézy, 2010), with the potential Israeli evidence dating back to the eighth millennium BC (Hershkovitz et al, 2008). Skeletal TB has also been reported from Neolithic continental Europe (Bartels, 1907;Sager et al, 1972;Dastugue and de Lumley, 1976;Bennike, 1999;Gladykowska-Rzeczycka, 1999;Nuorala et al, 2004;Masson et al, 2013Masson et al, , 2015Köhler et al, 2014;Posa et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 6500-year-old Middle Neolithic child from Pollera Cave (Liguria, Italy) with probable multifocal osteoarticular tuberculosis

Sparacello

Roberts

Kerudin

et al. 2017

International Journal of Paleopathology

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Citation for published item: p r elloD it le F nd o ertsD gh rlotte eF nd uerudinD emmielle nd w¤ ullerD omy @PHIUA 9e TSHHEye rEold widdle xeolithi hild from oller g ve @viguri D st lyA with pro le multifo l osteo rti ul r tu er ulosisF9D sntern tion l journ l of p leop thologyFD IU F ppF TUEURF Further information on publisher's website: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details.

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Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex DNAs from Egyptian Mummies by Spoligotyping

et al. 2003

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Within the last few years a considerable number of molecular studies have provided evidence for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA in ancient skeletal and mummified material (1,7,9,18,27,28,34,38,41,47). Besides the mere evidence of M. tuberculosis complex DNA, initial information suggested a high frequency of tuberculosis in ancient populations (13), and we have recently provided evidence that this also holds true for pharaonic Egypt (47 (20), which is based on the variation of the direct-repeat (DR) region in M. tuberculosis complex members. Using this technique, differentiation up to a subspecies level is possible. Spoligotyping is widely used and accepted in medical microbiology for the initial genotyping of the M. tuberculosis complex at the population level. In addition, spoligotyping seems to be the most suitable method for analyzing ancient material, since usually only minute amounts of a significantly fragmented mycobacterial ancient DNA (aDNA) remains in the samples under investigation. Likewise, other recent methods, such as IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (43), ligation-mediated PCR (31), and variable number of tandem repeat typing (24), require cell culture conditions or at least high-molecular-weight bacterial DNA and are therefore not applicable to ancient tissue material.In addition, spoligotyping seems to be suitable for investigating evolutionary aspects of human tuberculosis (36) and may clarify the origin and transmission of the disease in humans of various historical periods and populations (35). When its results are combined with other data, they can be used to construct phylogenetic trees reaching back to the beginning of the pathogenesis and spread of the disease in humans and animals (37).In this regard, there is still an open debate about the origins of tuberculosis in human and animal species. One previous hypothesis (5) suggests that M. bovis is the probable ancestor which was transmitted from cattle to humans during domestication. Other theories assume that an M. tuberculosis complex precursor evolved from M. africanum and that the present-day M. tuberculosis and M. bovis developed in parallel (39). This theory is supported by nucleotide sequence analyses of current M. tuberculosis isolates, revealing an absence of allelic variation. The evolutionary origin of M. tuberculosis was therefore suggested to be 15,000 to 20,000 years ago (39).In a recent paper, a new evolutionary scenario was presented based on the occurrence of several deletions in the genomes of the tubercle bacilli (4). These findings allow a differentiation of M. tuberculosis strains into modern and ancestral strains depending on the presence or absence of an M. tuberculosis-* Corresponding author. Mailing address:

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Identification of Mycobacterium DNA in an Egyptian Pott's disease of 5400 years old

Cited by 97 publications

References 17 publications

Genetic Predisposition to Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Tuscan (Italy) Ancient Human Remain

Genetic Predisposition to Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Tuscan (Italy) Ancient Human Remain

A 6500-year-old Middle Neolithic child from Pollera Cave (Liguria, Italy) with probable multifocal osteoarticular tuberculosis

Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex DNAs from Egyptian Mummies by Spoligotyping

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