Identification of Multidrug-Resistant<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>Strains Isolated in Poland by Multilocus Sequence Typing

Sadowy, Ewa; Zhou, Jiaji; Meats, Emma; Gniadkowski, Marek; Spratt, Brian G.; Hryniewicz, Waleria

doi:10.1089/107662903764736373

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There were four different PFGE subtypes (B1 to B4) of this clone. All of these isolates belonged to international clone Poland 6B -20 (ST315) (30). The third widespread clone, with PFGE profile J and ST490, was found only in the orphanage but in both winter and spring.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MLST is particularly useful for determining the overall clonal relationships between isolates, as it allows comparison with all isolates published and/or reported to the MLST database (www.mlst.net). Except for two isolates of serotype 7C, which showed a novel allelic profile (ST1021), the remaining isolates represented known STs (3,8,30); many of these belonged to the internationally distributed pneumococcal clones, including Spain 23F -1 (ST81), Poland 23F -16 (ST272), and Poland 6B -20 (ST315), that have been isolated worldwide from cases of carriage as well as various infections (23,30). Isolates of ST66 differed at a single locus from international clone Tennessee 14 -19 but showed different serotypes (9N and 23F instead of 14) and resistance patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , and Moraxella catarrhalis Isolated from the Nasopharynges of Asymptomatic Children and Molecular Analysis of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae Strain Replacement in the Nasopharynx

et al. 2004

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Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in 226 children in different settings (in a crèche [day care center], in an orphanage, and at home) during two seasons (winter and spring) was studied. The rates of carriage of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were markedly higher in the crèche and in the orphanage than in the home setting (e.g., 56.5, 63.3, and 25.9%, respectively, for S. pneumoniae in winter). Approximately 80% of the S. pneumoniae isolates identified in the crèche and in the orphanage belonged to the serotypes represented in the seven-valent pneumococcal vaccine, and 4.4% of the children were colonized by H. influenzae type b. Almost all H. influenzae isolates were fully susceptible to the antimicrobial agents tested, and only five (3.6%) produced ␤-lactamase; in contrast, 100% of the M. catarrhalis isolates were ␤-lactamase positive. Among S. pneumoniae isolates, 36.2% were nonsusceptible to penicillin (PNSP) and 11.8% were fully resistant to penicillin (PRP). All PNSP isolates were obtained from children at the crèche and at the orphanage but not among children brought up at home, and all PRP isolates showed a multiresistant phenotype. Colonization by PRP isolates correlated well with prior treatment with ␤-lactams. For the majority of children colonized at both sampling times, strain replacement of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae was observed; long-term colonization by a single strain was rare.The nasopharynx of children is colonized by a broad variety of microorganisms, including such potential pathogens as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Well-known risk factors that promote bacterial carriage include overcrowding, e.g., due to attending day care centers (DCCs) (crèches) or residing in orphanages; frequent viral infections; and an excessive use of antibiotics (12). DCCs and orphanages have also been identified as places that promote the clonal spread of multiresistant strains; thus, healthy children represent an important reservoir of bacterial strains, in particular, S. pneumoniae, that are resistant to many antimicrobial agents. These strains are subsequently disseminated in the community by other contacts of colonized children, e.g., their siblings and parents. It is possible to limit the spread of H. influenzae type b and some serotypes of S. pneumoniae by vaccination, but studies of the impact of immunization on colonization have yielded discrepant results (5,11,14,22).Colonization of mucosal surfaces in the human respiratory tract represents a dynamic process in which bacteria are acquired, eliminated, and reacquired many times in a lifetime. Extensive and often excessive use of antibiotics can promote the replacement of strains susceptible to antimicrobial agents by resistant ones (12, 28). Moreover, the human nasopharynx is also often viewed as a place where frequent genetic exchange takes place due to such processes as transformation with foreign DNA, bacterial intra-and interspecies c...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , and Moraxella catarrhalis Isolated from the Nasopharynges of Asymptomatic Children and Molecular Analysis of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae Strain Replacement in the Nasopharynx

et al. 2004

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“…In the case of central nervous system infections, the pneumococcal nonsusceptibility to ␤-lactams correlates with therapeutic failures (20). Pneumococci belonging to several international multiresistant clones were previously shown to circulate in Poland (25), and such clones or related strains were predominant among the meningitis-associated Polish PNSP. The only PNSP isolate unrelated to any international clone (the isolate of serotype 24F and ST230) had been previously isolated in Italy from three patients with meningitis (24) and from a bacteremic patient in Denmark (www.mlst.net) and, therefore, might represent a novel resistant epidemic pneumococcal clone, possibly with increased virulence properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus Sequence Types, Serotypes, and Variants of the Surface Antigen PspA in Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Meningitis Patients in Poland

Sadowy

Skoczyńska

Fiett

et al. 2006

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…These studies include the identification of multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae strains isolated in Poland (29), the spread of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains in the United States (11) and England (10), the genotypic characterization of two penicillin-susceptible serotype 6B S. pneumoniae clones circulating in Italy (8), and the characterization of erythromycin-resistant clinical isolates of the four major antimicrobial-resistant Spanish clones of S. pneumoniae (Spain23F-1, Spain6B-2, Spain9V-3, and Spain14-5) (13). For analysis of the epidemi- (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Macrolide-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Europe

et al. 2005

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In many European countries, the level of pneumococcal resistance to macrolides has now passed the level of resistance to penicillin G. A total of 82 erythromycin A-resistant isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected by 11 laboratories in seven European countries. All of the isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, analyzed for clonal relatedness by multilocus sequence typing, and characterized for macrolide resistance genotypes. The prevalence of the macrolide resistance genotypes varied substantially between countries. In France (87.5% of all strains), Spain (77.3%), Switzerland (80%), and Poland (100%), strains were predominantly erm(B) positive, whereas higher levels of mef(A)-positive strains were reported from Greece (100%) and Germany (33.3%). Macrolide resistance was caused by the oligoclonal spread of some multilocus sequence types, but significant differences in clonal distribution were noted between France and Spain, countries from which high levels of macrolide resistance have been reported. Overall, sequence type 81 (Spain23F-1 clone) was by far the most widespread. The mainly erm(B)-positive serotype 14 clone (sequence type 143), first reported in Poland in the mid-1990s, is now widespread in France.

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Identification of Multidrug-ResistantStreptococcus pneumoniaeStrains Isolated in Poland by Multilocus Sequence Typing

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , and Moraxella catarrhalis Isolated from the Nasopharynges of Asymptomatic Children and Molecular Analysis of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae Strain Replacement in the Nasopharynx

Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , and Moraxella catarrhalis Isolated from the Nasopharynges of Asymptomatic Children and Molecular Analysis of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae Strain Replacement in the Nasopharynx

Multilocus Sequence Types, Serotypes, and Variants of the Surface Antigen PspA in Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Meningitis Patients in Poland

Molecular Epidemiology of Macrolide-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Europe

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