Identification of &lt;em&gt;Candida&lt;/em&gt; Species from Clinical Samples in a Honduran Tertiary Hospital

Montes, Kathy; Ortiz, Bryan; Galindo, Celeste; Figueroa, Isis; Braham, Sharleen; Fontecha, Gustavo

doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0148.v1

2019

DOI: 10.20944/preprints201909.0148.v1

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Identification of <em>Candida</em> Species from Clinical Samples in a Honduran Tertiary Hospital

Kathy Montes

Bryan Ortiz

Celeste Galindo

et al.

Abstract: Candida species are one of the most important causes of human infections, especially in hospitals and among immunocompromised patients. The correct and rapid etiological identification of yeast infections is important to provide adequate therapy, reduce mortality and control outbreaks. In this study, Candida species were identified in patients with suspected fungal infection, and phenotypic and genotypic identification methods were compared. A total of 167 axenic fungal cultures and 46 clinical samples were an… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis

Barantsevich

2022

Antibiotics

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Candida species, belonging to commensal microbial communities in humans, cause opportunistic infections in individuals with impaired immunity. Pathogens encountered in more than 90% cases of invasive candidiasis include C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis. The most frequently diagnosed invasive infection is candidemia. About 50% of candidemia cases result in deep-seated infection due to hematogenous spread. The sensitivity of blood cultures in autopsy-proven invasive candidiasis ranges from 21% to 71%. Non-cultural methods (beta-D-glucan, T2Candida assays), especially beta-D-glucan in combination with procalcitonin, appear promising in the exclusion of invasive candidiasis with high sensitivity (98%) and negative predictive value (95%). There is currently a clear deficiency in approved sensitive and precise diagnostic techniques. Omics technologies seem promising, though require further development and study. Therapeutic options for invasive candidiasis are generally limited to four classes of systemic antifungals (polyenes, antimetabolite 5-fluorocytosine, azoles, echinocandins) with the two latter being highly effective and well-tolerated and hence the most widely used. Principles and methods of treatment are discussed in this review. The emergence of pan-drug-resistant C. auris strains indicates an insufficient choice of available medications. Further surveillance, alongside the development of diagnostic and therapeutic methods, is essential.

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis

Barantsevich

2022

Antibiotics

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First Molecular Identification of Three Clinical Isolates of Fungi Causing Mucormycosis in Honduras

Ortiz

Laínez-Arteaga

Galindo-Morales

et al. 2022

Infectious Disease Reports

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Mucormycoses are rare but serious opportunistic fungal infections caused by filamentous organisms of the order Mucorales. Here we report the first molecular identification of Rhizopus oryzae (heterotypic synonym Rhizopus arrhizus), R. delemar, and Apophysomyces ossiformis as the etiological agents of three cases of severe mucormycosis in Honduras. Conventional microbiological cultures were carried out, and DNA was extracted from both clinical samples and axenic cultures. The ITS ribosomal region was amplified and sequenced. Molecular tools are suitable strategies for diagnosing and identifying Mucorales in tissues and cultures, especially in middle-income countries lacking routine diagnostic strategies.

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First Report of the Emerging Pathogen Kodamaea ohmeri in Honduras

Ortiz,

López,

Muñoz

et al. 2024

JoF

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Kodamaea ohmeri is an environmental yeast considered a rare emerging pathogen. In clinical settings, the correct identification of this yeast is relevant because some isolates are associated with resistance to antifungals. There is a lack of available data regarding the geographical distribution, virulence, and drug resistance profile of K. ohmeri. To contribute to the knowledge of this yeast, this study aimed to describe in depth three isolates of K. ohmeri associated with fungemia in Honduras. The identification of the isolates was carried out by sequencing the ribosomal ITS region. In addition, the susceptibility profile to antifungals was determined, and some properties associated with virulence were evaluated (exoenzyme production, biofilm formation, cell adhesion, and invasion). The isolates showed strong protease, phospholipase, and hemolysin activity, in addition to being biofilm producers. Adherence and invasion capacity were evident in the HeLa and Raw 264.7 cell lines, respectively. This study expands the understanding of the underlying biological traits associated with virulence in K. ohmeri, and it is the first report of the detection and identification of K. ohmeri in Honduras as a cause of human infection.

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Identification of <em>Candida</em> Species from Clinical Samples in a Honduran Tertiary Hospital

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Diagnosis and Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis

Diagnosis and Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis

First Molecular Identification of Three Clinical Isolates of Fungi Causing Mucormycosis in Honduras

First Report of the Emerging Pathogen Kodamaea ohmeri in Honduras

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