Identification ofVibrio anguillarumOuter Membrane Vesicles Related to Immunostimulation in the Japanese Flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus

Abstract

We identified outer membrane vesicle (OMV) production in Vibrio anguillarum O1, a major fish pathogen that causes vibriosis, and characterized the OMVs. They were produced during normal growth, and were appeared as spherical vesicle fractions. The protein profile of the OMVs was similar to that of the outer membrane proteins, and the 38-kDa major protein band of OMV was identified as OmpU. The OMVs had enzyme activity of metalloprotease, hemolysin, and phospholipase, and stimulated the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 when injected into the flounder.

Immunomodulatory role of outer membrane vesicles of Shigella in mouse model

“…A pro-inflammatory response to OMVs was also observed for several other pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa [2], Shigella flexneri [3], Vibrio cholerae [4], Neisseria meningitidis [5,6], Helicobacter pylori [7]. Likewise, OMVs purified from the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum stimulated the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-a, IL-1b, and IL-6 when inoculated into flounder [8].…”

Outer membrane vesicles are vehicles for the delivery ofVibrio tasmaniensisvirulence factors to oyster immune cells

“…Together with siderophore receptors and adhesins/invasins, also found associated to LGP32 OMVs (Supporting Information http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1462-2920.12535/suppinfo), these hydrolases correspond to potential virulence factors described in pathogenic Vibrio species (Zhang and Austin, ; Méndez et al ., ). Their association with OMVs is in agreement with the protease, phospholipase and haemolysin activities associated to OMVs of V. anguillarum , another pathogen for marine cultured species (Hong et al ., ). Besides, consistent with the biogenesis and composition of OMVs, membrane transport (40.9%) and cell wall/membrane biogenesis (13.6%) were important functions associated to LGP32 OMV proteins.…”

Virulence and Immunomodulatory Roles of Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles

“…(85) Naturally produced Neisseria OM vesicles were further found to stimulate IL-8, RANTES, and IP-10 while activating dendritic cell MHC-II expression (28). Likewise, OM vesicles purified from the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum stimulated the production of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-␣, IL-1␤, and IL-6 when inoculated into flounder (58).…”