Identification of genes from the obligate intracellular plant pathogen,<i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>

Bulman, Simon; Siemens, Johannes; Ridgway, Hayley J.; Eady, Colin; Conner, A. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00466.x

Cited by 53 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…This intricate relationship is difficult to investigate because the pathogen can not be cultivated without its host. Although close to hundred genes from the pathogen have been identified up to now, for most of them no function could be assigned due to the low homology of sequences to other organisms found so far (Bulman et al 2006). Therefore, understanding of the mechanisms underlying the disease development is of high importance because the disease is difficult to control under field conditions.…”

Section: Development Of the Clubroot Diseasementioning

confidence: 98%

Glucosinolates and the clubroot disease: defense compounds or auxin precursors?

Ludwig‐Müller

2008

Phytochem Rev

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The clubroot disease is caused by the obligate biotrophic protist Plasmodiophora brassicae and is one of the most damaging for the family of Brassicaceae. Since many economically important crops belong to this plant family, the understanding of mechanisms how the disease is developing, are of high importance. Glucosinolates, a group of secondary plant products in the family of Brassicaceae, have long been associated with clubroot disease symptoms. Measurements showed that several glucosinolates are induced in root galls. While aliphatic glucosinolates are regarded as defense compounds, analysis of Brassica cultivars as well as Arabidopsis thaliana mutants provided correlative evidence between disease severity and indole glucosinolate content. The latter have been discussed as precursors for auxin biosynthesis. Since high auxin levels are associated with large root galls, indole glucosinolates could contribute directly or indirectly to the extent of disease development. Transcriptome and proteome experiments have revealed evidence for the involvement of genes from the glucosinolate and auxin pathway in gall formation. These data have been complemented by expression and mutant analysis. It can be concluded that regulation of glucosinolate and IAA biosynthesis might differ in Brassica and Arabidopsis.

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Section: Development Of the Clubroot Diseasementioning

confidence: 98%

Glucosinolates and the clubroot disease: defense compounds or auxin precursors?

Ludwig‐Müller

2008

Phytochem Rev

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“…The molecular cloning of the PbSTKL1 gene from P. brassicae with homology to kinase revealed another gene with a possible function (Ando et al 2006b). Bulman et al (2006) isolated 76 ESTs of P. brassicae from a library for which they found some homologies to fungal genes.…”

Section: Short Introduction To the Life-cycle And Biology Of The Clubmentioning

confidence: 99%

What can we learn from clubroots: alterations in host roots and hormone homeostasis caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae

Ludwig‐Müller

Schuller

2008

Eur J Plant Pathol

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The clubroot disease of cruciferous crops is caused by an obligate biotrophic protist, Plasmodiophora brassicae. The disease is characterized by the development of large root galls accompanied by changes in source-sink relations and the hormonal balance within the plant. Since the disease is difficult to control, it is of high economic interest to understand the events leading to gall formation. In this review we will give an overview on the current knowledge of changes brought about in the host root by this obligate biotrophic pathogen. Emphasis will be on the regulation of changes in plant hormone homeostasis, mainly auxins and cytokinins; the possible role of secondary metabolites, especially indole glucosinolates, in gall formation and auxin homeostasis will be discussed. Also, results from mutant analysis and microarrays using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana are presented.

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“…A putative serine protease (GenBank accession number AM411657) was identified among the P. brassicae genes that were expressed during infection [55]. This protease carried a predicted signal peptide sequence but lacked homologs in other plant pathogens.…”

Section: Where and How To Look For Effectors?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Plasmodiophora brassicae effectors — A challenging goal

et al. 2018

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Clubroot is an economically important disease affecting Brassica plants worldwide. Plasmodiophora brassicae is the protist pathogen associated with the disease, and its soil-borne obligate parasitic nature has impeded studies related to its biology and the mechanisms involved in its infection of the plant host. The identification of effector proteins is key to understanding how the pathogen manipulates the plant’s immune response and the genes involved in resistance. After more than 140 years studying clubroot and P. brassicae, very little is known about the effectors playing key roles in the infection process and subsequent disease progression. Here we analyze the information available for identified effectors and suggest several features of effector genes that can be used in the search for others. Based on the information presented in this review, we propose a comprehensive bioinformatics pipeline for effector identification and provide a list of the bioinformatics tools available for such.

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Identification of genes from the obligate intracellular plant pathogen,Plasmodiophora brassicae

Cited by 53 publications

References 35 publications

Glucosinolates and the clubroot disease: defense compounds or auxin precursors?

Glucosinolates and the clubroot disease: defense compounds or auxin precursors?

What can we learn from clubroots: alterations in host roots and hormone homeostasis caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae

Identification of Plasmodiophora brassicae effectors — A challenging goal

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