Identification of Five Flavonoid Compounds from the Remaining Ginger Powder Purified by Using High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography and Their Bioactivity

Abstract

HSCCC was widely used as a reliable and efficient tool for isolation of natural production. Multiple active compounds were separated and purified from ginger essential oil. But the remaining ginger powder (RGP), which was obtained from ginger without volatile oil, was discarded commonly. The crude flavonoids were extracted from RGP using ethanol at 80°C. The purification of flavonoids was performed by rotary evaporator and X-5 macroporous adsorption resin. The high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was implemented by employing a two-phase solvent system which consist of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (4:5:4:5, v/v/v/v) and n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:5:1:5, v/v/v/v) to separate flavonoid into five fractions. The purity of individual flavonoid in each of the fraction was analyzed by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified by liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry-ion trap-time of flight (LCMS-IT-TOF). Rutin (16.6%), tangeretin (13.1%), vitexin (18.37%), myricetin-3-O-glucopyranoside (3.3%), and isoquercitrin (15.2%) were identified in RGP at the purity of all over 90%. The HSCCC appeared to be an efficient and reliable method for the isolation of flavonoids in RGP. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to determine the anti-tumor abilities of five flavonoid compounds. The results showed that rutin and myricetin-3-O-glucopyranoside had better anti-tumor activities than other three flavonoid compounds from RGP. The research revealed that RGP was a bioactive product and contributed to development of ginger. KeywordsRemaining ginger powder • High-speed counter-current chromatography • High-performance liquid chromatography • Liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry-ion trap-time of flight • Anti-tumor activity * Li-xia Wang

Preparative Fractionation of Phenolic Compounds and Isolation of an Enriched Flavonol Fraction from Winemaking Industry By-Products by High-Performance Counter-Current Chromatography

“…The successful separation is conditioned on selecting a suitable two-phase solvent system [ 31 ]. Although HSCCC has successfully been applied to the isolation and purification of many natural compounds, including flavonoids from various samples [ 22 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], so far, it has not been used for the fractionation, concentration, and isolation of GP and WL PCs.…”

Efficient and fast screening and separation based on computer‐aided screening and complex chromatography methods for lipoxygenase inhibitors from Ganoderma lucidum

“…23 HSCCC and semi-preparative HPLC are widely used in the modern separation field due to their advantages of high automation and high compound purity. [24][25][26] Compared to conventional liquid-solid separation methods, HSCCC is a unique liquid-liquid partition chromatography method in which a solid support is not used. 27,28 This strategy eliminates the irreversible adsorptive loss of the samples onto the solid support matrix used in a conventional chromatographic column.…”

“…For certain mixtures with complex compositions, especially for the separation of triterpenoids, commonly used techniques include column chromatography, semi‐preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography (semi‐preparative HPLC), and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC), among others 23 . HSCCC and semi‐preparative HPLC are widely used in the modern separation field due to their advantages of high automation and high compound purity 24–26 . Compared to conventional liquid–solid separation methods, HSCCC is a unique liquid–liquid partition chromatography method in which a solid support is not used 27,28 .…”

Efeito do ultrassom e da temperatura no rendimento de extração e na atividade antioxidante do gengibre (Zingiber officinale)

“…O gengibre (Zingiber officinale), pertencente à família Zingiberaceae, nativa da Ásia, é uma erva perene e fonte de compostos com atividade biológica, como óleos essenciais, polissacarídeos e alcenos, sendo muito empregada na medicina oriental (WANG et al, 2019;WANG et al, 2022). É cultivado em países de clima tropical e subtropical, sendo a Índia, a China, o Nepal, a Indonésia e a Nigéria os maiores produtores mundiais de gengibre, respectivamente (MEDEIROS, 2017).…”