Identification of Failure Causes in the Water Supply Network

Szpak, Dawid; Piegdoń, Izabela

doi:10.2478/jok-2019-0036

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Water supply systems, due to their belonging to critical infrastructure, must be characterized by an appropriate level of operational reliability and safety [1,2]. The reliability of the water supply system is understood as its ability to perform its functions, in accordance with the requirements in terms of its functioning and safety, i.e., providing consumers with water in the right amount, of appropriate quality, under the right pressure, at an acceptable price at any time [3][4][5]. Currently, the topic of water supply is faced with many problems related to, among the others, the lack of access to water in developing regions, the appearance of new pollutants in tap water (microplastics, pharmaceuticals) and the functioning of the existing and aging water supply systems [1,3,[5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reliability of the water supply system is understood as its ability to perform its functions, in accordance with the requirements in terms of its functioning and safety, i.e., providing consumers with water in the right amount, of appropriate quality, under the right pressure, at an acceptable price at any time [3][4][5]. Currently, the topic of water supply is faced with many problems related to, among the others, the lack of access to water in developing regions, the appearance of new pollutants in tap water (microplastics, pharmaceuticals) and the functioning of the existing and aging water supply systems [1,3,[5][6][7][8][9][10]. Problems related to the operation of existing water supply systems can be effectively solved by appropriate management, taking into account the minimization of water losses, improvement of the quality of the supplied water and increasing the reliability and safety of their operation [1,[5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the topic of water supply is faced with many problems related to, among the others, the lack of access to water in developing regions, the appearance of new pollutants in tap water (microplastics, pharmaceuticals) and the functioning of the existing and aging water supply systems [1,3,[5][6][7][8][9][10]. Problems related to the operation of existing water supply systems can be effectively solved by appropriate management, taking into account the minimization of water losses, improvement of the quality of the supplied water and increasing the reliability and safety of their operation [1,[5][6][7]. In order to learn about the mechanisms responsible for the reliability and safety of the water supply system functioning, in recent years much research has been done.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to learn about the mechanisms responsible for the reliability and safety of the water supply system functioning, in recent years much research has been done. One of the directions of this research is the water supply network failure analysis [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][11][12][13][14][15]. Over the years, many factors that affect the failure rate of the water supply network have been identified [3,[5][6][7]11,[16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the directions of this research is the water supply network failure analysis [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][11][12][13][14][15]. Over the years, many factors that affect the failure rate of the water supply network have been identified [3,[5][6][7]11,[16][17][18][19]. There can be distinguished internal (system) factors: pipe material, pipe diameters, age of the system, pressure in the water supply network, flow rate, quality of design, construction and operation of the system, and external (environmental) factors: climate (seasonality, climate change), weather conditions (temperature, rainfall, drought), soil and water conditions (type of soil, frost depth, groundwater level, corrosivity of the soil and groundwater).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Negative Daily Temperatures Influence on the Failure Rate of the Water Supply Network

2021

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As a part of the critical infrastructure, water supply systems must be characterized by an appropriate level of operational reliability and safety. One of the threats to this is the failure of the water supply network, influenced by many factors, among which we can distinguish internal factors related to the process of designing, construction and system operation, and external factors related to the impact of the environment. The paper presents the influence of negative daily temperature on the failure rate of the water supply network, taking into account the material of the pipes, their diameters, and the cause of failure. The research was carried out on operational data from the period 2004–2018 from the water supply network in a city located in south-eastern Poland. The relationship between the daily temperature and the failure rate of the water supply system has been shown. As the temperature values drop, the failure rate values increase. The biggest influence of the negative daily temperature on the water supply network failure rate is observed for cast iron pipes. PE and PVC pipes are more resistant to the influence of negative temperatures. The most common cause of failure is corrosion and unsealing of the pipes. Pipes with the diameters of 100, 150, 300, 350, and 400 mm in distribution and main networks turned out to fail most often. These results can be used by water supply companies to limit the influence of factors related to negative daily temperatures on the failure rate of the water supply network.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Analysis of the Negative Daily Temperatures Influence on the Failure Rate of the Water Supply Network

2021

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Method for Determining the Probability of a Lack of Water Supply to Consumers

Szpak

2020

Energies

Self Cite

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The water distribution subsystem is the most failing subsystem included in the water supply system. One of the main consequences of water supply failures is the lack of water supply to consumers, which is always very onerous. The paper presents a method of determining the conditional probability that a break in the supply of water to consumers of a certain duration will be caused by a specific type of failure. The result of the work was to identify water supply network failures that result in the longest water supply suspension time. The method was presented on a real water supply system. In order to reduce the incidence of long-term interruptions in water supply, water supply companies should mainly continue replacing gray cast iron pipes with thermoplastic materials. Actions taken to increase the safety of drinking water supply meet the current standards for the safety of drinking water, developed by the World Health Organization and the European Union.

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A Safe Frost Growth Screening Method to Accurately Predict Ice Plug Formation Completion during Waterpipe Freezing Repairs

Liu,

Fan,

Ndi

2024

Water

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Fixing waterpipes using cryogenic technology is a complicated activity because it is difficult to see the transformation of water into ice inside a pipe. To solve this problem, a series of experiments and testing was carried out on three types of waterpipes—75, 100, and 150 mm cast-iron pipes (CIP), respectively—to monitor the external characteristics and the frost growth to accurately predict the completion of ice plug formation inside the pipe before applying the freeze-fixing method. A CCD camera was set up to capture four frosting images per minute and to send one image every 15 s to the computer for processing and for identifying the interface between frost and no frost. The results showed that when the brightness distribution along the pipe axis goes down from the 100% brightest and coldest region near the freezing jacket to 90% and hits the 1/10th mark away from the brightest area, which is the interface, the freezing process is finished, and the ice plug has completely formed and can effectively block water flow to allow safe repairs. In other words, the findings determined that the frost length was more or less equal to the ice plug length. Additional testing was done to increase water pressure up to 35 kg/cm2 for about 10 min on one end of the freezing jacket, which is higher than the regular pressure testing of 10 kg/cm2. When 0 kg/cm2 was recorded on the other end of the freezing jacket, it was concluded that the ice plug was strong enough to resist high pressure. The success of these experiments and testing confirmed that this innovative freezing method was safe, cost-effective, and suitable to be used efficiently in semiconductor factories and modern buildings.

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Identification of Failure Causes in the Water Supply Network

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Analysis of the Negative Daily Temperatures Influence on the Failure Rate of the Water Supply Network

Analysis of the Negative Daily Temperatures Influence on the Failure Rate of the Water Supply Network

Method for Determining the Probability of a Lack of Water Supply to Consumers

A Safe Frost Growth Screening Method to Accurately Predict Ice Plug Formation Completion during Waterpipe Freezing Repairs

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