Identification of Electrical Degradation Products of 4-Chlorophenol in Water

Hong, Jongki; Kim, Do-Gyun; Seo, Jungju; Lee, Chulhyun; Chung, Chaejoon

doi:10.2116/analsci.19.537

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Poerschmann et al reported the formation of similar compounds upon the Fenton oxidation of 2-chlorophenol under substoichiometric conditions. It should be considered that oxidative coupling reactions are not exclusive of Fenton-like oxidation because they are generally promoted by • OH radicals, and thus, the formation of condensation byproducts from poly-CPs occurs in other advanced oxidation processes, like electrooxidation, ozonation , or UV/H 2 O 2 oxidation. ,− In this sense, Hirvonen et al detected a variety of chlorinated dimers formed both by UV/H 2 O 2 andby the ozonation of chlorophenols. The m / z values of the detected dimers (288, 304, 322, 340, 354) were very similar to those obtained in our work.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorinated Byproducts from the Fenton-like Oxidation of Polychlorinated Phenols

Muñoz

Pedro

Pliego

et al. 2012

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Fenton-like oxidation has proved to be highly efficient in the degradation of polychlorinated phenols (poly-CPs) at 50 °C provided that the H2O2 dose is adjusted appropriately. Using the theoretical stoichiometric H2O2/poly-CP molar ratio allowed a high mineralization of the starting poly-CPs, with negligible residual concentrations of chlorinated organic species and a dramatic reduction of ecotoxicity. Nevertheless, at substoichiometric H2O2 doses, a wide variety of chlorinated condensation byproducts (chlorinated diphenyl ethers, biphenyls, and dibenzofurans) were detected. A chlorinated aromatic iron-containing solid polymer was also formed. At these substoichiometric H2O2 doses, the ecotoxicity values even increased with respect to those of the starting poly-CPs. A reaction scheme is proposed to describe the Fenton-like oxidation of poly-CPs that includes all of the intermediates detected under substoichiometric conditions and used to develop a kinetic model based on TOC lumps. This kinetic model describes fairly well the time evolution of TOC upon the Fenton-like oxidation of poly-CPs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorinated Byproducts from the Fenton-like Oxidation of Polychlorinated Phenols

Muñoz

Pedro

Pliego

et al. 2012

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…There are few references that quantify the formation of dioxins and furans during the application of AOPs to synthetic aqueous samples containing chlorinated organics − and complex matrices such as landfill leachates. , With regard to the use of electro-oxidation as remediation technology, Hong et al presented the decomposition of 4-chlorophenol using an iridium dioxide anode working at 400 A m –2 with a mixture of H 3 PO 4 and NaH 2 PO 4 as the electrolyte . They identified the presence of hydroxylated dibenzodioxin/furans and hydroxylated chlorobiphenyls as minor byproducts after 60 min of treatment, but without their quantification.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Assessment of the Formation of Polychlorinated Derivatives, PCDD/Fs, in the Electrochemical Oxidation of 2-Chlorophenol As Function of the Electrolyte Type

Vallejo

Román

Ortiz

2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The electrochemical degradation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) on boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes was carried out using two electrolytes, NaCl and Na2SO4. Both electrolytes supported complete mineralization of 2-CP, but faster rates of degradation were observed in NaCl. After 4 h of oxidation, the total organic carbon (TOC) balance neared 100% with Na2SO4 for identifiable compounds, whereas 4 mM of TOC remained unidentified with NaCl. Since chlorophenols are known to be precursors of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), a rigorous assessment of intermediate products was carried out. When near complete mineralization was achieved, the use of NaCl resulted in the concentration of total PCDD/Fs increasing 2.68 × 10(4) times compared to the untreated sample, and to toxicity values several times higher than the maximum level established by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for water ingestion. When Na2SO4 was used, the increase in total PCDD/Fs concentration was 134 times lower than with NaCl and there was no significant 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs formation. Thus, we emphasize the importance of electrolyte selection in electro-oxidation processes, especially when PCDD/Fs precursors are initially present or may be formed in the treated water samples.

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“…To identify nonpolar small metabolites in ECMs, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was carried out as described by Hong et al . (2003). Briefly, samples dissolved in n‐hexane were applied to an Agilent 6890 GC coupled to an Agilent 5973N mass spectrometer (Palo Alto, CA, USA) equipped with a DB‐5MS silica capillary column (Agilent 6890N, Palo Alto, CA, USA) of dimensions 60 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm (length × i.d.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenyl 2‐pyridyl ketoxime induces cellular senescence‐like alterations via nitric oxide production in human diploid fibroblasts

et al. 2015

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SummaryPhenyl‐2‐pyridyl ketoxime (PPKO) was found to be one of the small molecules enriched in the extracellular matrix of near‐senescent human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs). Treatment of young HDFs with PPKO reduced the viability of young HDFs in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner and resulted in senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) staining and G2/M cell cycle arrest. In addition, the levels of some senescence‐associated proteins, such as phosphorylated ERK1/2, caveolin‐1, p53, p16ink4a, and p21waf1, were elevated in PPKO‐treated cells. To monitor the effect of PPKO on cell stress responses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was examined by flow cytometry. After PPKO treatment, ROS levels transiently increased at 30 min but then returned to baseline at 60 min. The levels of some antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, peroxiredoxin II and glutathione peroxidase I, were transiently induced by PPKO treatment. SOD II levels increased gradually, whereas the SOD I and III levels were biphasic during the experimental periods after PPKO treatment. Cellular senescence induced by PPKO was suppressed by chemical antioxidants, such as N‐acetylcysteine, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxy, and L‐buthionine‐(S,R)‐sulfoximine. Furthermore, PPKO increased nitric oxide (NO) production via inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in HDFs. In the presence of NOS inhibitors, such as L‐NG‐nitroarginine methyl ester and L‐NG‐monomethylarginine, PPKO‐induced transient NO production and SA‐β‐gal staining were abrogated. Taken together, these results suggest that PPKO induces cellular senescence in association with transient ROS and NO production and the subsequent induction of senescence‐associated proteins.

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Identification of Electrical Degradation Products of 4-Chlorophenol in Water

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Chlorinated Byproducts from the Fenton-like Oxidation of Polychlorinated Phenols

Chlorinated Byproducts from the Fenton-like Oxidation of Polychlorinated Phenols

Quantitative Assessment of the Formation of Polychlorinated Derivatives, PCDD/Fs, in the Electrochemical Oxidation of 2-Chlorophenol As Function of the Electrolyte Type

Phenyl 2‐pyridyl ketoxime induces cellular senescence‐like alterations via nitric oxide production in human diploid fibroblasts

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