Identification of Dorsal-spined Larvae from Free-ranging Wapiti (Census elaphus) in Southwestern Manitoba, Canada

Pybus, M. J.; Samuel, William; Crichton, Vince

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-25.2.291

Cited by 9 publications

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“…infection in cervids is often based on the detection of L 1 s in feces 4,16 ; however, the larvae cannot be identified to the species or genus level because of their morphological and morphometric similarities. 3,4,13 Sometimes the identities of L 1 s are based on the morphological characterization of adults recovered from the host 16 ; however, mixed species infections do occur.…”

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“…3,4,13 Sometimes the identities of L 1 s are based on the morphological characterization of adults recovered from the host 16 ; however, mixed species infections do occur. 13,14 Development of diagnostic techniques for the accurate identification of individual elaphostrongyline larvae is important for epidemiological studies and the control of these parasites because they differ in their pathogenicity, host specificity, and geographic distribution.…”

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A Method for Extracting Genomic DNA from Individual Elaphostrongyline (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) Larvae and Differentiation of Elaphostrongylus Spp. from Parelaphostrongylus Spp. by PCR Assay

et al. 2005

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Abstract. This article reports a rapid and effective method for the extraction and purification of genomic DNA (gDNA) from individual first-stage larvae (L 1 ) of elaphostrongyline nematodes that had been stored frozen or fixed in 95% ethanol for 1 to 5 years. The method was highly effective for L 1 s of all 6 species of elaphostrongylines, based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a partial fragment of the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) of the ribosomal DNA. Differences were detected in the sizes of partial ITS-1 amplicons between the 2 elaphostrongyline genera, Elaphostrongylus and Parelaphostrongylus. The reliability of the ITS-1 PCR assay was tested by using L 1 s of unknown identity from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The ability to consistently isolate gDNA from individual L 1 s, together with a simple PCR-based method to distinguish between Parelaphostrongylus and Elaphostrongylus, have important implications for diagnostic testing and for conducting epizootiological studies on these parasites of veterinary importance.Key words: Diagnosis; DNA extraction; Elaphostrongylus; Parelaphostrongylus; PCR.Elaphostrongyline nematodes (Elaphostrongylus spp. and Parelaphostrongylus spp.) occur in the central nervous system and/or skeletal muscles of cervids and can produce verminous pneumonia and, in some cases, severe neurologic disease. 13 Four of the 6 species of elaphostrongyline, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, Parelaphostrongylus andersoni, Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei, and Elaphostrongylus rangiferi, occur in North America. 13 Elaphostrongylus rangiferi also occurs in northern Fennoscandinavia and Russia. 13 Elaphostrongylus alces occurs in Fennoscandinavia, whereas Elaphostrongylus cervi occurs in Eurasia and New Zealand. 13 Elaphostrongylus rangiferi was introduced to the island of Newfoundland with reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) from Norway in 1908, 14 where it subsequently spread to infect woodland caribou (R. tarandus caribou) and moose (Alces alces). 15 Woodland caribou in Newfoundland are also infected with P. andersoni; however, this parasite is significantly less pathogenic than is E. rangiferi in this host species. 13 It is believed that E. rangiferi has not spread with caribou from Newfoundland to mainland Canada; however, this needs to be confirmed. 4 The first-stage larvae (L 1 ) of the elaphostrongylines and of several other genera (e.g., Varestrongylus, Muellerius, and Umingmakstrongylus) within the family Protostrongylidae have a characteristic dorsal spine on their tail. 2 The L 1 s of Muellerius and Varestrongylus can generally be distinguished from the elaphostrongyline L 1 s by their shorter length, 9 whereas Umingmakstrongylus occurs only in muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus). 12 Diagnosis of elaphostrongyline infection in cervids is often based on the detection of L 1 s in feces 4,16 ; however, the larvae cannot be identified to the species or genus level because of their morphological and morphometric similarities. 3,4,13 Sometimes the identities of L 1 s are...

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A Method for Extracting Genomic DNA from Individual Elaphostrongyline (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) Larvae and Differentiation of Elaphostrongylus Spp. from Parelaphostrongylus Spp. by PCR Assay

et al. 2005

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“…Vicente & Gortazar (2001) recently reported a high prevalence (67%) of E. cervi larvae in the faeces of red deer from central Spain using the Baermann larval migration technique and these results are in agreement with Prosl & Kutzer (1980b) who found a yearly rhythm in larval production. However, the limitations of this technique for detecting first-stage larvae of E. cervi in faeces are well known (Pybus et al, 1989;Gajadhar et al, 1994Gajadhar et al, , 2000 and the present results (0.4% of the larval production), indicate that the production of first-stage larvae of E. cervi in sites in central Spain is low overall and sporadic, as found in other areas (Gajadhar et al, 1994;Gajadhar & Tessaro, 1995). Unfortunately, a direct comparison cannot be made with the work of Vicente & Gortázar (2001) as they found no lesions in the lungs which are the main lesion due to this nematode species (Luzó n et al, 2000) and they did not examine the CNS.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Faecal samples of 10 g were obtained from the rectum of each deer and the Baermann technique was performed for the recovery of first-stage larvae. As it is difficult to distinguish first-stage larvae of Elaphostrongylus from other species of Protostrongylidae (Pybus et al, 1989;Gajadhar et al, 1994Gajadhar et al, , 2000, only the dorsal-spined first-stage larvae longer than 390 mm were considered as E. cervi (Gajadhar et al, 1994).…”

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Epidemiology of cerebrospinal Elaphostrongylus cervi infection in red deer in central Spain

Valcárcel

Corchero²,

Olmeda

et al. 2004

J. Helminthol.

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Elaphostrongylus cervi produces a subclinical cerebrospinal disease in many wild and domestic ruminants from Europe, North America and New Zealand and has recently been described in Spain. To determine some aspects of its epidemiology, 121 red deer (Cervus elaphus) from central Spain were sampled during 2000. The prevalence (7%) and mean worm burden (3.8 worms per brain) were similar to the values previously recorded in other European areas. The infection was only detected in young deer during the winter. The estimation of larval production in the faeces was not a reliable method of diagnosing E. cervi infection.

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Extrapulmonary Lungworms of Cervids

Lankester¹

2001

Parasitic Diseases of Wild Mammals

163

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Identification of Dorsal-spined Larvae from Free-ranging Wapiti (Census elaphus) in Southwestern Manitoba, Canada

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

A Method for Extracting Genomic DNA from Individual Elaphostrongyline (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) Larvae and Differentiation of Elaphostrongylus Spp. from Parelaphostrongylus Spp. by PCR Assay

A Method for Extracting Genomic DNA from Individual Elaphostrongyline (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) Larvae and Differentiation of Elaphostrongylus Spp. from Parelaphostrongylus Spp. by PCR Assay

Epidemiology of cerebrospinal Elaphostrongylus cervi infection in red deer in central Spain

Extrapulmonary Lungworms of Cervids

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